is the heart of the collection and contains materials related to work done by J. Max Bond, Jr. outside of the various architectural firms he practiced in. The majority of the material in the series relates to the many juries, panels, design award juries and working group Bond served on throughout his career, as well to Bond's work with Architects' Renewal Committee in Harlem (ARCH). The series also includes lectures and writings by J. Max Bond.
Box 06 Folder 16 African Projects, Angola, 1989
Correspondence, notes, and proposals.
Box 06 Folder 17 African Projects, Ghana, 1996
Correspondence, notes, proposals and clippings.
Box 06 Folder 18 African Projects, Lagos, 2005
Correspondence, notes, and proposals.
Box 06 Folder 19 African Projects, Togo, 1990
Correspondence, notes, proposals and clippings.
Box 06 Folder 20 AIA Baltimore, 1998
Box 06 Folder 21 AIA Certificates, 2002-2007
Box 06 Folder 22 AIA Continental Europe, Conference, 2004-2005
Box 06 Folder 23 AIA Continental Europe, Conference, 2004
Box 06 Folder 36 AIA General, 1987-2005
Max Whitney M. Young Citation, 1 photograph of Max Bond, and Miscellaneous correspondence.
Box 06 Folder 24 AIA Heritage Ball, 2005
Honoring J. Max Bond; includes video of the event on CD-ROM.
Box 06 Folder 25 AIA Heritage Ball, 2005
Box 06 Folder 26 AIA Honor Awards for Regional and Urban Design Jury, 2006-2007
Box 06 Folder 27 AIA International Committee, 2008
Box 06 Folder 28 AIA National Convention, 2007
Box 06 Folder 29 AIA New York Chapter, 1994-1999
Box 06 Folder 30 to 32 AIA New York State, 1992-2006
(3 folders)
Box 06 Folder 33 AIA Philadelphia, 1996
Box 06 Folder 34 AIA Staten Island, 2000-2001
Box 06 Folder 35 AIA Washington D.C., 1994-2000
Box 07 Folder 01 AIA/Architectural Record Continuing Education, 2001
Box 07 Folder 02 American Academy in Rome, 1995-1997
Box 07 Folder 03 American Academy of Arts and Sciences [1 of 2], 1996-2004
Box 07 Folder 04 American Academy of Arts and Sciences [2 of 2], 1996-2004
Box 07 Folder 05 An American Architect: J. Max Bond, Jr., 1992
Student paper by Joseph Bergamini for Professor Tony Schuman at New Jersey Institute of Technology.
Box 07 Folder 06 Architects and Engineers for Obama, 2008
"An Evening on the New Public Works: Design & Policy Excellence in Public Housing and Infrastructure."
Box 07 Folder 07 Architects' Renewal Committee in Harlem (ARCH), 1968-1973
Box 07 Folder 08 Architects' Renewal Committee in Harlem (ARCH), 1968-1969
Box 07 Folder 24 Architect's World, The , 1968
Poster promoting Bond.
Box 07 Folder 09 Architects/Designers/Planners for Social Responsibility, 1968
Conference.
Box 07 Folder 10 Architects/Designers/Planners for Social Responsibility, 1990
New York Chapter.
Box 07 Folder 11 Architects/Designers/Planners for Social Responsibility, 1991
Forum.
Box 07 Folder 12 Architectural License, Connecticut, 1993-2008
Box 07 Folder 13 Architectural License, Delaware, 2008-2009
Box 07 Folder 14 Architectural License, District of Columbia, 1994-2006
Box 07 Folder 15 Architectural License, Georgia, 2004-2009
Box 07 Folder 16 Architectural License, Illinois, 1998-2006
Box 07 Folder 17 Architectural License, Kentucky, 1998-2007
Box 07 Folder 18 Architectural License, Louisiana, 2000-2009
Box 07 Folder 19 Architectural License, Maryland, 1995-2008
Box 07 Folder 20 Architectural License, Massachusetts, 1994-2007
Box 07 Folder 21 Architectural License, Missouri, 1992-1993
Box 07 Folder 22 Architectural License, New Jersey, 2004-2009
Box 07 Folder 23 Architectural License, New York, 1993-2009
Box 07 Folder 25 Aristide Foundation for Democracy, The, 1996
Box 07 Folder 26 Arnold W. Brunner Grant, 1995
Proposed project: "Towards an Architecture of Engagement."
Box 07 Folder 27 Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture International Convention, 2002
Havana, Cuba.
Box 33 Folder 10 Awards, Certificates, and Honorary Degrees, 1980s-2000s
Box 07 Folder 28 Blacklines Magazine Conference, 2002 Apr
"Limitless Layers: Uncovering the full potential of all design possibilities."
Box 07 Folder 29 Brooke Russell Astor Award Selection Committee, 2007
Box 30 Folder 02 Canadian Museum for Human Rights, 2001 Nov
Appendices.
Box 30 Folder 02 Canadian Museum for Human Rights, The, undated, 1 videocassettes (VHS)
Promotional Video. VHS : 1 item.; CD-ROM: 1 item.
Box 07 Folder 30 Canadian Museum for Human Rights, The, International Design Competition, 2003
Box 30 Folder 02 Canadian Museum for Human Rights, The, International Design Competition, 2005 Apr
Final Jury Report.
Box 30 Folder 02 Canadian Museum for Human Rights, The, International Design Competition, 2005
Photographic Memento Album.
Box 08 Folder 01 Center for Architecture Foundation, 2006-2007
Box 08 Folder 02 to 03 Center for Civil & Human Rights, 2007-2008
Requests for proposals, Programming document, Reports, and Newspaper clippings. (2 folders)
Box 08 Folder 04 Century Association, The, 1985-2002
Box 06 Folder 14 (CHAD) Charter High School for Architecture & Design, 2003
Promotional material.
Box 08 Folder 05 Chrysler Award for Innovation in Design, 1994
Nominee submission list.
Box 08 Folder 06 Church Raising Project, 1996
Correspondence and clippings.
Box 08 Folder 07 City Planning Commission, 2007
Public Hearing on Columbia University's Manhattanville Rezoning and Community Board 9's 197-a Plan.
Box 08 Folder 08 City Planning Commission, Midtown Development Report, 1981
Box 25 Folder 01 Clippings, Africa, 1994-2000
Box 25 Folder 02 Clippings, African American History, 1970-1990
Box 25 Folder 03 Clippings, Bond Firms, 1975, 1990
Box 25 Folder 16 Clippings, J. Max Bond, 1960s-1970s
Box 25 Folder 17 Clippings, J. Max Bond, 1980s
Box 25 Folder 04 Clippings, Miscellaneous, 1975, 1993-1994
Box 25 Folder 05 Clippings, Projects, 1960s-1970s
Box 25 Folder 06 Clippings, Projects, 1980s
Box 25 Folder 07 Clippings, Projects, 1990s
Box 25 Folder 08 Clippings, Projects, 2000s
Box 08 Folder 10 Community Planning, 2002
Invitations to join roundtables and committees.
Box 08 Folder 11 Community Service Program, College of Public and Community Service, 1980
2 pamphlets.
Box 08 Folder 12 Concurrent Session SCUP Conference Proposal on Libraries, 1995
Box 08 Folder 13 Conference on the Teaching of Engineering and Architecture (Havana, Cuba), 1986
Conference notebook.
Box 08 Folder 14 Conference, "New Homes for New York Neighborhoods", 1984
Co-Sponsored by The New York City Partnership, Inc., David Rockefeller, Chairman, and The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Box 08 Folder 15 Cooper Union, President's Council Member Biographies, 2002
Box 08 Folder 16 Correspondence, 4 Architects, 1999
Box 08 Folder 17 Correspondence, Andre Wogenscky, 1960
Box 09 Folder 08 Correspondence, Contribution Requests, 1996-1997
Box 08 Folder 18 Correspondence, General, 1973, 1976-1977
Box 08 Folder 19 to 20 Correspondence, General, 1980s
(2 folders)
Box 08 Folder 21 Correspondence, General, 1990
Box 08 Folder 22 Correspondence, General, 1991
Box 08 Folder 23 Correspondence, General, 1992
Box 08 Folder 24 to 25 Correspondence, General, 1993
(2 folders)
Box 08 Folder 26 Correspondence, General, 1994
Box 08 Folder 27 Correspondence, General, 1995
Box 08 Folder 28 Correspondence, General, 1996
Box 08 Folder 29 to 30 Correspondence, General, 1997
(2 folders)
Box 08 Folder 31 to 32 Correspondence, General, 1998
(2 folders)
Box 08 Folder 33 to 34 Correspondence, General, 1999
(2 folders)
Box 09 Folder 01 Correspondence, General, 2000
Box 09 Folder 02 Correspondence, General, 2001
Box 09 Folder 03 Correspondence, General, 2002
Box 09 Folder 04 Correspondence, General, 2003
Box 09 Folder 05 Correspondence, General, 2004
Box 09 Folder 06 Correspondence, General, 2005
Box 09 Folder 07 Correspondence, General, 2006, 2008, undated
Box 09 Folder 09 Correspondence, International Education Exchange Program, 1958
Regarding a grant to study Architecture at the Ecole du Louvre in Paris, France.
Box 09 Folder 10 Correspondence, Mwamuka Mercury & Associate Architects and Manilius Garber Jarett-Yarkey & Partners, 1994
Box 09 Folder 11 Correspondence, References, 1997
Box 09 Folder 12 Correspondence, US Department of State, 1968
Regarding travel to Cuba.
Box 09 Folder 13 Design Trust for Public Space, INC., 1995-2003
Box 26 Folder 08 Desktop Files, 2001 Dec
Archived on CD-ROM; includes files for Apollo Performing Arts Center, drafts of writings and talks, and biographical notes .
Box 09 Folder 14 Detroit Design Charrette, 2002-2003
Box 09 Folder 15 Detroit Design Charrette, 2003
Box 09 Folder 16 Directory of African American Architects, 1991
Box 09 Folder 17 Dormitory Authority of the State of New York, Courts Project, 1993-1996
Correspondence.
Box 09 Folder 18 Downtown Macon Design Competition, 1997
Box 09 Folder 19 Educational Facilities Studies, ca. 1969
Box 09 Folder 20 Essay on Miles Davis, ca. 1991
Box 09 Folder 21 Event Invitations, 2003
Box 09 Folder 22 FAIA, 1994-1995
Box 09 Folder 23 FAIA, 1997-2001
Nomination of Donald R. Blair.
Box 09 Folder 24 Fontainebleau Association, Ecoles d'Art Americanines, 2001-2002
Box 09 Folder 25 Freedom Park Architectural Competition, 2002-2003
Box 09 Folder 26 Freedom Park Architectural Competition, 2003
Agenda.
Box 09 Folder 27 to 28 Freedom Park Architectural Competition, 2003-2004
(2 folders)
Box 10 Folder 01 to 02 Freedom Park Architectural Competition, 2003-2004
(2 folders)
Box 26 Folder 09 Ghana Institute of Architects, 1964-1965
Minutes of a Council Meetings held at the Office of the Chief Architect, G.N.C.C.
Box 10 Folder 03 Ghana Projects, Miscellaneous, 1991-2000
Box 16 Folder 14 Ghann, Accra-Tema-Akosombo Regional Programme and Plan, ca. 1960s
Interim Report produced by Doxiades Associates.
Box 16 Folder 15 Governor's Design Awards Catalog, 1987
Box 10 Folder 04 Graduate School of Design, Harvard University, 1995-2001
Box 10 Folder 05 Greater Harlem Chamber of Commerce, 1996-2003
Box 06 Folder 12 "Harlem + : A Land Use and Economic Development Master Plan," The Arthur Andersen Real Estate Service Group and Davis Brody Bond, 1996
Summary Proposal.
Box 10 Folder 06 Harlem Empowerment Zone, 1993-2001
Physical development meeting minutes, Design/Planning Study, Correspondence, and Notes.
Box 10 Folder 07 to 09 Harlem Urban Development Corporation, 1991
Binder (in 3 folders)
Box 10 Folder 10 Harlem Urban Development Corporation, 1993
Harlem Area Statistics For Planning Areas, Briefing Information, HUDC booklets.
Box 10 Folder 11 Harvard Graduate School of Design, Visiting Committee Meeting, 2002
Box 10 Folder 12 Harvard Urban Field Service, The (Cuba), 1968-1973
Box 10 Folder 13 Historically Black Colleges, 1995
Facilities Evaluations.
Box 10 Folder 14 Historically Black Colleges
Ideas: correspondence, notes, and clippings.
Box 26 Folder 10 Indo-U.S. Sub-Commission on Education and Culture Seminar, 1981 Nov
Seminar on Architecture and Community Planning.
Box 10 Folder 15 J. Max Bond, Jr. Interview, 1990
Interview conducted by Thomas A. Dutton.
Box 10 Folder 16 Journals [1 of 5], 1986, 1989, 1993-2005
17 items.
Box 10 Folder 17 Journals [2 of 5], 1986, 1989, 1993-2005
Box 10 Folder 18 Journals [3 of 5], 1986, 1989, 1993-2005
Box 11 Folder 01 Journals [4 of 5], 1986, 1989, 1993-2005
Box 11 Folder 02 Journals [5 of 5], 1986, 1989, 1993-2005
Box 11 Folder 03 Kent State University, 2005
Florence lecture.
Box 11 Folder 04 Kisoson Realty Corp., 1997
Notice of Settlement.
Box 11 Folder 05 Lawsuit, Frank Williams & Partners vs. Perl Properties, Inc., 2003
Affidavit of J. Max Bond, Jr.
Box 24 Folder 02 Lecture Materials, Binder, undated
Includes slides, photographs, notes, and CD-ROM.
Box 11 Folder 06 Lecture, "A Public Architecture, Not Just Another Pretty Façade", 2002
CCAC Architecture Lecture Series.
Box 11 Folder 07 Lecture, "A View of Architecture and Development", 2007
Lecture presented at Tuskegee University.
Box 24 Folder 04 Lecture, "African Canvas," Tunisia, Ghana, undated
Slides.
Box 11 Folder 08 Lecture, "Architecture and Architectural Practice in Africa and America", 1995
Contemporary African Architecture and Urbanism Symposium.
Box 11 Folder 09 Lecture, "Harlem: Evolution of Revitalization", 2001
Urban Land Institute.
Box 11 Folder 10 Lecture, "If Buildings Were For People: responding to need and desire", 1999
Morgan Lecture for the Hite Art Institute, University of Louisville.
Box 11 Folder 11 Lecture, "Post European Architecture", 1978
Lecture presented at the School of Architecture & Environmental Studies at City College of New York.
Box 11 Folder 12 Lecture, "Productivity, Health, and Safety in Constructed Facilities", 2000
Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment (BICE) of the National Research Council.
Box 11 Folder 16 Lecture, AIA's "Multiculturalism and Leadership in Education and Practice", 2 audiocassettes
Box 11 Folder 13 Lecture, Architecture Talk, 2004
Given at Howard University and Cooper Union; includes slides and CD-ROM.
Box 11 Folder 16 Lecture, Cooper Hewitt, 1994 Apr 12, 1 audiocassettes; Microcasette
Box 11 Folder 14 Lecture, Ghana Talk at NYU, 2005
Includes a CD-ROM entitled "NYU Presentation 3.2.05."
Box 11 Folder 15 Lecture, Jazz Museum Talk & Discussion, 2005
Box 11 Folder 16 to 18 Lecture, Notes and Drafts, 1990s
(3 folders)
Box 11 Folder 19 Lecture, Notes and Drafts, 1990s-2000s
Box 11 Folder 20 Lecture, Notes and Drafts, 1990s-2000s
Box 24 Folder 05 Lecture, Slides, ca. 1989
Includes some notes.
Box 24 Folder 06 Lecture, Slides, ca. 1998
Includes some photographs and negatives.
Box 24 Folder 07 Lecture, Slides, ca. 1992
Includes travel material for Harare, Zimbabwe.
Box 24 Folder 01 Lecture, Working Cities, 1998
Notes, drafts, and lecture slides.
Box 11 Folder 21 Lincoln Park Redevelopment Concept (Newark, NJ), 2001
Box 11 Folder 22 to 23 Little Rock Roundtable Design Initiatives Toward an Inclusive and Competitive America, 1992
Presidential Transition Roundtable Series. (2 folder)
Box 12 Folder 01 Lower Manhattan Redevelopment, 2001-2002
Includes material from the NYCRebuild Planning Task Force, as well as news clippings on the September 11th Terrorist Attacks.
Box 12 Folder 02 Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial Project, 2002-2003
Design Committee.
Box 12 Folder 03 Mayors Institute on City Design, The (Charlottesville, VA), 1991
Box 12 Folder 04 Midtown-West Conference, 2003
Box 30 Folder 03 Midtown-West: Development Options Conference, 2002
Draft program.
Box 12 Folder 05 Mutasa Tour Schedule, 1994
Box 12 Folder 06 Nakheel Design Summit, 2004
Executive Summary; also included is material related to Dubai Waterfront development.
Box 12 Folder 07 to 09 National Council of Architectural Registration Boards, 1991-2007
Documentation. (3 folders)
Box 12 Folder 10 National Foreign Affairs Training Center, 2003
Responses to the Questions & Answer Session from the Site Visit for the NFATC.
Box 12 Folder 11 National Organization of Minority Architects, 1994-2006
Membership correspondence.
Box 12 Folder 12 National Organization of Minority Architects, 1999
National Conference in Charlotte, NC.
Box 12 Folder 13 National Organization of Minority Architects, 1989
National Conference in San Francisco, CA.
Box 12 Folder 14 National Research Council, Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment, 2001-2002
Box 12 Folder 15 National Research Council, Committee to Assist the Architect of the Capitol, 2002
Statement of Acceptance, and "Potential Sources of Bias and Conflict of Interest" Form.
Box 12 Folder 16 National Research Council, Master Plan for U.S. Capitol and Grounds, 2003
Box 12 Folder 17 National Urban Coalition, The, 1972
Steering Committee Meeting.
Box 06 Folder 15 Neighborhood Strategy for East Harlem Report, A, 1982
New York City Department of City Planning.
Box 12 Folder 18 New Jersey Institute of Technology, Honorary Degree Recipient, 1993
Doctor of Humane Letters, honoris causa; includes a photograph of J. Max Bond, Jr. receiving his honorary diploma.
Box 12 Folder 19 New Orleans Neighborhood Planning, 2005-2006
Notes and correspondence.
Box 12 Folder 20 to 23 New York Building Congress, 2002-2006
(4 folders)
Box 12 Folder 24 New York Civil Liberties Union [1 of 3], 1992-2002
Board of Directors Meeting Agendas and Minutes.
Box 12 Folder 25 New York Civil Liberties Union [2 of 3], 1998-2003
Board of Directors Meeting Agendas and Minutes.
Box 13 Folder 01 New York Civil Liberties Union [3 of 3], 1998-2003
Board of Directors Meeting Agendas and Minutes.
Box 13 Folder 02 to 03 New York Coalition of Black Architects, 1989-1999
(2 folders)
Box 13 Folder 04 Newman Institute City Roundtable Symposium, 2006
"Harlem in Our Eyes: Sustaining Cultural Legacy in a Rapidly Changing Neighborhood."
Box 13 Folder 05 Notebooks and Sketchbooks, undated
Box 13 Folder 06 NYC Planning Commission, 1979
Finical disclosure forms.
Box 13 Folder 07 NYC Rebuild Task Force, 2001
Box 13 Folder 08 NYC School Construction Authority, 1989-1991
Box 13 Folder 09 to 11 Pan African Parliament Competition, 2005-2007
(3 folders)
Box 13 Folder 12 Portfolio of Work, ca. 1996
Box 26 Folder 11 Poster for Forum on Social Responsibility and the Design Professions, 1991 Mar 2
Sponsored by Architects, Designers and Planners for Social Responsibility/New York. J. Max Bond, Jr. was on a panel on "Ethics Vs. Esthetics in the Discourse of Design."
Roll 01 Posters, Miscellaneous, 1987, 1993, undated
1987 AIA National Convention, "Fact Future + Fantasy;" "Spaces & Places: A photographic exhibit convenying the contributions, aspirations and aesthetic values of Afro0Americans as reflected in architecture;" "African American Architects in Current Practice , 1993."
Box 13 Folder 13 Pratt Center for Community Development, 2008
Anniversary Tribute Journal honoring Max Bond.
Box 13 Folder 14 Pratt Institute Center for Community & Environmental Development (PICCED), 2002-2003
Box 13 Folder 15 Pratt Institute Center for Community & Environmental Development (PICCED), 2005-2008
Box 14 Folder 01 to 03 Pratt Institute Center for Community & Environmental Development (PICCED), 2005-2008
(3 folders)
Box 14 Folder 04 Presentation, Lecture Binder, 2003-2006
Includes notes and presentation slides for lectures on the World Trade Center Memorial and the Jazz Museum in Harlem.
Box 14 Folder 05 Presidential Design Awards, 1988
Achievement Jury.
Box 14 Folder 06 Presidential Design Awards, 1992
Box 14 Folder 07 Recommendations, 1994-1998
Box 14 Folder 08 to 09 Regional Plan Association, 1994-2006
(2 folders)
Box 14 Folder 10 Regional Plan Association, 2006
Newark Master Vision Plan Workshop.
Box 14 Folder 11 to 13 Regional Plan Association, 1990s-2000s
(3 folders)
Box 15 Folder 01 to 03 Regional Plan Association, 1990s-2000s
(3 folders)
Box 15 Folder 04 Regional Plan Association, 1990s-2000s
Box 15 Folder 05 Resume and Short Professional Biographies, undated
Box 15 Folder 06 Resume and Short Professional Biographies, ca. 1990s
Box 15 Folder 07 Review of the Capitol Master Plan, The National Academies, 2004
Workshop I: Vision for the U.S. Capitol in 2005.
Box 15 Folder 08 Review African American Architects in Current Practice, by Jack Travis, 1992
Reviewed by J. Max Bond, Jr.
Box 15 Folder 09 Review The Glass House, by John Hix, 1981
Reviewed by J. Max Bond, Jr.
Box 15 Folder 10 Roosevelt Island Housing, undated
Article on J. Max Bond's reaction to UDC's RI Housing Commission.
Box 15 Folder 11 Roosevelt Island Housing Competition, 1975
New York State Urban Development Corporation.
Box 15 Folder 12 Roxbury Master Plan and Implementation Strategy, 1999
Boston Redevelopment Authority.
Box 15 Folder 13 Roy DeCarava Talk, 1994
Bond's Notes.
Box 26 Folder 12 Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, 1987
Various event and discussion materials.
Box 15 Folder 14 Sketchbooks and Notebooks, undated
Box 15 Folder 15 Speech to Architects and Planners against the war in Viet Nam, by J. Max Bond, Jr., 1968
Box 15 Folder 16 Spelman College, Cosby Academic Center, 1991
Correspondence and Committee Meeting Minutes.
Box 26 Folder 13 Stored Computer Files, undated
13 3.5" Floppy Disks and 1 Zip Disk.
Box 15 Folder 17 Studio Museum in Harlem, The, 2002
Frederick Douglass Circle Artists Selection.
Box 15 Folder 18 Studio Museum in Harlem, The, 2000. 2003
News clippings.
Box 15 Folder 19 to 20 Studio Museum in Harlem, The, 1994-2000
Board Meeting Minutes. (2 folders)
Box 16 Folder 01 Sugar Hill Project at 155th Street, Design Advisory Committee, 2008
Box 16 Folder 02 Transition Search Committee for Mayor-Elect David Dinkins, 1989-1990
Committee Binder.
Box 16 Folder 03 Tuskegee Institute, Center for Afro-American Architecture, 1980 Jan
Planning Workshop #4.
Box 16 Folder 04 United Nations Development Programme, 1996-1997
Box 16 Folder 05 University Design Studios, 2000-2002
Box 16 Folder 06 Urban Habitats Competition, 2005
Binder.
Box 16 Folder 07 Urban Land Institute, 1998, 2001
Box 06 Folder 13 "We Design II" Project, 1994
Box 16 Folder 08 West Harlem Group Assistance, Inc., 2002
Box 16 Folder 09 White House Comprehensive Design Plan, 1995
Box 24 Folder 03 World Trade Center Memorial, 2004
Photographs of a site visit given to Bond from Governor George Pataki.
Box 16 Folder 10 World War II Monument Jury, General Service Administration, 1996-1999
Box 16 Folder 11 World War II Monument Jury, General Service Administration, 1996-1998
Box 16 Folder 12 Writings, "Working Cities", 2000
Box 26 Folder 14 Writings, Articles and Reviews [1 of 2], 1960-2007
Box 26 Folder 15 Writings, Articles and Reviews [2 of 2], 1960-2007
Box 16 Folder 13 Writings, Drafts, 1997