C. L. R. James papers, 1933-2001, bulk 1948-1989
Summary Information
Abstract
At a Glance
- Call No.:
- MS#1529
- Bib ID:
- 6910705 View CLIO record
- Creator(s):
- James, C. L. R (Cyril Lionel Robert), 1901-1989
- Repository:
- Rare Book and Manuscript Library
- Physical Description:
- 27.75 linear feet (50 boxes: 22 document boxes, 24 record storage cartons, 4 oversized flat boxes)
- Language(s):
- English .
- Access:
- You will need to make an appointment in advance to use this collection material in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library reading room. You can schedule an appointment once you've submitted your request through your Special Collections Research Account.
-
The following boxes are located off-site: 47 & 48. You will need to request this material from the Rare Book and Manuscript Library at least three business days in advance to use the collection in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library reading room.
This collection has no restrictions.
Some unique time-based media items have been reformatted and are available onsite via links in the container list. Commercial materials are not routinely digitized. If you would like to use undigitized audiovisual materials in this collection, please contact the library to discuss access options as items must be reformatted before use. Email rbml@columbia.edu for more information.
Description
Summary
These papers contain correspondence; drafts, manuscripts and notes; transcripts of lectures and interviews; printed material; photographs; and audio and video tapes related to life and work of West Indian native C. L. R. (Cyril Lionel Robert) James-- an athlete, scholar, teacher, writer and political activist.
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Series I: Correspondence, 1952-1990, undated
James corresponded with a wide swath of individuals—heads-of-state and political radicals; established scholars and intellectuals, and students; as well as family and friends. The correspondence in this series reflects that wide-range of correspondents; the number of letters exchanged with any one individual represented here, however, tends to be small. The largest cache of correspondence in this series is between Robert Hill and James.
The topics within the correspondence are wide-ranging as well: the letters of the 1950s are full of references to American politics, popular culture, and the writings of Melville; by the 1960s more of James' correspondence concerns political movements in the West Indies and in Africa; and most of the 1970s correspondence is related to teaching, invitations to conferences and requests to give talks or lectures.
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Series II: Writings, 1948-1990s, undated
Included in this series are drafts and manuscripts, transcripts of lectures and interviews, and printed material by or about C.L.R. James.
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Series III: Publishing--Johnson-Forest through Facing Reality, 1943-1972, undated
Correspondence, reports, drafts and articles, pamphlets, and publications created by members of the Correspondence Publishing Committee and the Facing Reality Group are included in this series. Writings, especially for Correspondence and Speak Out cover popular culture as well as political and social issues of the day.
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Series IV: Printed Material, 1933-1992, undated
Contained here are many pamphlets, clippings, and a few assorted materials by C.L.R. James and others. Material from the Johnson-Forest Tendency period as well as material that pre-dates or follows that period is included.
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Series V: Teaching, circa 1970-1981
Student papers, graded by James, comprise the bulk of this series, but also here are course outlines for courses taught by James and others, and a Federal City College yearbook dedicated to James.
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Series VI: Subject Files, 1952-1992
This series contains writings and printed material about James and various subjects as well as a few personal materials. Some of the printed material contained here has been annotated by James.
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Series VII: Photographs and Audiovisual Media, 1940s-2008
This series contains photographs, audio and video tapes, and digital media.
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Gift of Anna Grimshaw, 4/3/2017. Accession number: 2016.2017.M132
Arrangement
This collection is arranged in 9 series.
- Series I: Correspondence, 1952-1990, undated
- Series II: Writings, 1948-1990s, undated
- Subseries II.1: Full-length works, 1948-1980s, undated
- Subseries II.2: Drafts, Proposals, Reviews, 1966-1980, undated
- Subseries II.3: Lectures and Talks, 1958-1991, 2000, undated
- Subseries II.4: Interviews, circa 1970s-1996, undated
- Subseries II.5: Writings by Others--Drafts and Manuscripts, 1969-1990s, undated
- Series III: Publishing--Johnson-Forest through Facing Reality, 1943-1972, undated
- Series IV: Printed Material, 1933-1992, undated
- Series V: Teaching, circa 1970-1981
- Series VI: Subject Files, 1952-1992
- Subseries VI.1: About C.L.R. James, 1966-1992
- Subseries VI.2: Personal, 1952-1989
- Subseries VI.3: General, 1957-1986
- Series VII: Photographs and Audiovisual Media, 1940s-2008
- Series VIII: Books From James's Library
- Addition to the Papers, 2017
Using the Collection
Restrictions on Access
You will need to make an appointment in advance to use this collection material in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library reading room. You can schedule an appointment once you've submitted your request through your Special Collections Research Account.
The following boxes are located off-site: 47 & 48. You will need to request this material from the Rare Book and Manuscript Library at least three business days in advance to use the collection in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library reading room.
This collection has no restrictions.
Some unique time-based media items have been reformatted and are available onsite via links in the container list. Commercial materials are not routinely digitized. If you would like to use undigitized audiovisual materials in this collection, please contact the library to discuss access options as items must be reformatted before use. Email rbml@columbia.edu for more information.
Terms Governing Use and Reproduction
Reproductions may be made for research purposes. The RBML maintains ownership of the physical material only. Copyright remains with the creator and his/her heirs. The responsibility to secure copyright permission rests with the patron.
Preferred Citation
C. L. R. (Cyril Lionel Robert) James Papers; Date (if known); Box and Folder (if known); Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University Library.
Selected Related Material at Columbia
Margaret Busby Papers, 1978-1989 Columbia University Rare Book & Manuscript Library
C.L.R. James Institute Records, 1938-2002, 1939-2004 Columbia University Rare Book & Manuscript Library
Anna Grimshaw Papers, 1939-2004 Columbia University Rare Book & Manuscript Library
Darcus Howe Papers, 1965-2008 Columbia University Rare Book & Manuscript Library
Constance Webb Papers, 1918-2005 Columbia University Rare Book & Manuscript Library
Leon Trotsky Exile Papers Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
C.L.R. James Letters, 1939-1981 New York Public Library, Schomburg Center, New York, NY
Oral History of the American Left: Radical Histories New York University, Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, New York, NY
James and Grace Lee Boggs Papers, 1930s-1993 Wayne State University, Walter P. Reuther Library, Detroit, MI
Raya Dunayevskaya Papers Wayne State University, Walter P. Reuther Library, Detroit, MI
Martin and Jessie Glaberman Papers Wayne State University, Walter P. Reuther Library, Detroit, MI
Frances D. and G. Lyman Paine Papers Wayne State University, Walter P. Reuther Library, Detroit, MI
C. L. R. James Collection University of the West Indies, West Indiana and Special Collections, St. Augustine, Trinidad
Accruals
Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. Contact rbml@columbia.edu for more information.
Ownership and Custodial History
Robert Hill, Literary executor.
Immediate Source of Acquisition
Source of acquisition--C.L.R. James Estate. Method of acquisition--Gift; Date of acquisition--2007-2009.
About the Finding Aid / Processing Information
Columbia University Libraries, Rare Book and Manuscript Library
Processing Information
Papers processed Alix Ross 2011.
Finding aid written Alix Ross 06/--/2011.
The contents of Boxes 49 and 50 were consolidated into Box 29 when materials were prepared for digitization in November 2022.
Revision Description
2011-10-20 xml document instance created by Carrie Hintz
2019-05-20 EAD was imported spring 2019 as part of the ArchivesSpace Phase II migration.
Biographical Note
West Indian native C. L. R. (Cyril Lionel Robert) James was an athlete, scholar, teacher, writer and political activist. James, known affectionately since childhood as Nello, was born in 1901 in Tunapuna, Trinidad. His father, Robert Alexander James, was a schoolmaster; his mother Ida Elizabeth (Bessie) Rudder James, a native of Barbados, was a home-maker. James, the eldest of three siblings, had one sister, Olive, and a brother, Eric. In 1910, at the age of nine, James won an "exhibition" or scholarship to Queen's Royal College (QRC)--located in Port-of-Spain--which he entered in 1911. James' formal education ended in 1918 upon receipt of his "school certificate" from QRC.
Through the 1920s James taught school, played cricket and wrote. His teaching stints included work at QRC where Eric Williams, future Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, was among his pupils. James played cricket with the Maples, a Port-of-Spain club team, and was a member of the Maverick, a local literary society. In 1929 James married Juanita Samuel Young, a native of Venezuela who worked as a stenographer. In 1932 he left for Britain alone.
James lived with Cricket star, Learie Constantine, and his wife Norma in Nelson, Lancashire, upon arriving in Britain. He picked up work as a sports writer, covering cricket matches, for the Manchester Guardian. In 1934 James moved to London where he joined the Independent Labor Party (ILP), wrote for its journal, New Leader, and honed his skills as a speaker at ILP rallies. In London James met George Padmore and renewed his ties to his former student, Eric Williams. James also attended the founding conference of the Fourth International in Paris in 1938.
Although James had published a few pieces in small literary journals Trinidad and The Beacon, and one short story, "La Divina Pastora," in The Saturday Evening Post in 1927, his career as a writer did not take off until he reached England. His literary accomplishments during these years included: a novel, Minty Alley, published in 1936; his play, Toussaint L'Oueverture opened in London, also in 1936, starring Paul Robeson; and The Black Jacobins, a history of the slave rebellion in Santo Domingo, which was led by Toussaint L'Oueverture, was published in 1938.
In 1938, with Leon Trotsky advocating for the Socialist Workers Party's (SWP) to address the "Negro Question" and at the invitation of James Cannon from the American wing of the SWP, James left London for a speaking tour of the United States. James traveled to Mexico in 1939 for a meeting with Trotsky. The six-month-long cross-country tour turned into a fifteen-year sojourn and although James remained long in the United States, his time with the SWP was short.
A rift among members of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) led to the creation of the Workers Party (WP) in 1940, and within the WP, the Johnson-Forest Tendency. Johnson and Forest of the Tendency were James, who wrote as J.R. Johnson, and Dunayevskaya, who assumed the moniker of Freddie Forest. James and Dunayevskaya were soon joined in their political, philosophical and writing endeavors by Grace Lee, whose pseudonym was Ria Stone. In 1947 the Johnson-Forest Tendency rejoined the SWP briefly, but by 1951 the Johnson-Forest Tendency was independent of both the SWP and the WP. James and Dunayevskaya wrote the Balance Sheet Completed, to explain their decision to finally leave the SWP and they established the Correspondence Publishing Committee, which published a mimeographed newsletter, Correspondence. Among the members of the Correspondence Publishing Committee were James Boggs, who was by then the husband of Grace Lee; Freddy and Lyman Paine; Filomena Daddario (Finch); and Morris Goelman (William Gorman). In 1955 Raya Dunayevskaya left Correspondence to form the News & Letters Committee. Yet another division occurred in 1962 when James, along with Martin Glaberman, broke with Correspondence to create the Facing Reality Group; James Boggs and Grace Lee Boggs, and Freddy and Lyman Paine remained with Correspondence. Facing Reality, whose official organ was Speak Out, disbanded in 1970. Some of the materials James wrote and collaborated on with these various groups included: The Balance Sheet (1947); The Invading Socialist Society (1947); The Revolutionary Answer to the Negro Problem in the USA (1948); Notes on Dialectics (1948); and State Capitalism and World Revolution (1950).
During his extended stay in the United States James was based in New York City where he developed friendships with Richard Wright and his wife, Ellen; Chester Himes; and Ralph Ellison among others.
In 1946 James married Constance Webb, whom he had first met during his speaking tour in 1939 and with whom he had corresponded ever since. Due to complications around James' divorce from Juanita James, the marriage proved to be invalid. They re-married in 1948, after James spent six weeks in Nevada formalizing the divorce from his first marriage. (From Nevada, James wrote extensively to Dunayevskaya and Lee; these letters became the basis of Notes on Dialectic.) In 1949 C. L. R. James, Jr., "Nobbie", the only child of Webb and James, was born. James was charged with passport violations and interned, by the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service, on Ellis Island in 1952. While there he wrote Mariners, Renegades and Castaways (1953), a study of Herman Melville's Moby Dick. In 1953, facing deportation, James left the United States for England; Webb remained in New York with their son.
Brooklyn-born Selma Weinstein (sister of Correspondence member Cecelia Lang), and her young son Sam Weinstein, joined James in London in 1955; James and Selma Weinstein married in 1956.
Returning to London in the mid-1950s allowed James to renew his contacts with Kwame Nkrumah, whom he had met in the United States in 1943, and George Padmore along with others involved in the Pan-African Movement. In 1957 James traveled to Ghana for the country's first independence celebrations, his first trip to Africa. In the 1958 James and Selma left London for Trinidad, where they remained until 1962. During this time James edited The Nation, the paper of the Peoples National Movement (PNM). In 1962, shortly before returning to London, James was severely injured and concussed in a car accident in Trinidad. Modern Politics (1960) and Party Politics in the West Indies (1962) were published during James' time in Trinidad. Back in Britain, James completed Beyond a Boundary (1963), a study of cricket. In 1965 James once again traveled to Trinidad, this time as to report on cricket matches for several British papers. He was promptly, albeit briefly, put under house arrest by the PNM-led government. Once released James helped organize the Workers and Farmers Party of Trinidad and Tobago.
Late in the 1960s James made lecture tours of the United States, Canada and Africa. In 1970 C.L.R. James began teaching at Federal City College in Washington, D.C. where he stayed most of the decade.
In the last two decades of James' life several people served as his assistants, with the primary goal of completing the autobiography that he had begun in the 1970s. Teresa (Teri) Turner was his assistant for a few years in the 1970s; Jim Murray, who had been introduced to James by Paul Buhle, worked for James in 1983; and anthropologist Anna Grimshaw was James' last assistant, from late 1983 until his death in 1989. The autobiography was never completed. In 1984 James withdrew from public speaking, although he still granted some interviews. James died in 1989.
Subject Headings
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