Whitney M. Young, Jr. papers, 1960-1977

Summary Information

At a Glance

Arrangement

Arrangement

Selected materials cataloged.

• Cataloged Correspondence and Manuscripts
• Series I: Personal Files of Whitney M. Young, Jr.
• Series II: National Urban League Administrative Files
• Series III. Committee Affiliations, 1959-1970
• Series IV. Speeches and Speaking Engagements
• Series V: Radio and Television Appearances and Testimony
• Series VI: Articles, Statements and "To Be Equal" Columns
• Series VII: Tape Recordings
• Subseries VII.1: Speeches of Whitney M. Young, Jr.
• Subseries VII.2: Radio statements - "To Be Equal", 1967-1970
• Subseries VII.3 Radio and television interviews, panel discussions, and press conferences
• Subseries: VII.4. Interviews and special services on Mr. Young's death
• Subseries VII.5: National Urban League meetings, workshops and seminars
• Subseries VII.6: Miscellaneous
• Series VIII: Printed Material, Photographs, and Military Questionnaires
• Series IX: Additions to the Collection and Oversize Material

Description

Summary

Correspondence, speeches, reports, testimony, press releases, and articles of Young. The files document Young's leadership in many social welfare and civil rights organizations, as well as his activities as a columnist and speaker. Cataloged correspondents include Robert F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Hubert H. Humphrey, Martin Luther King, Jr., Coretta Scott King, Roy Wilkins, and John W. Gardner.

• Cataloged Correspondence and Manuscripts

  All cataloged correspondence is addressed to Whitney M. Young, Jr., unless noted otherwise. Most cataloged correspondence addressed to Margaret B. Young contains condolences on the death of Whitney M. Young, Jr.

• Series I: Personal Files of Whitney M. Young, Jr.

• Series II: National Urban League Administrative Files

• Series III. Committee Affiliations, 1959-1970

• Series IV. Speeches and Speaking Engagements

• Series V: Radio and Television Appearances and Testimony

• Series VI: Articles, Statements and "To Be Equal" Columns

• Series VII: Tape Recordings

• Series VIII: Printed Material, Photographs, and Military Questionnaires

• Series IX: Additions to the Collection and Oversize Material

Using the Collection

Rare Book and Manuscript Library

Restrictions on Access

You will need to make an appointment in advance to use this collection material in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library reading room. You can schedule an appointment once you've submitted your request through your Special Collections Research Account.

Boxes 1-282 are located off-site. You will need to request this material at least three business days in advance to use the collection in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library reading room.

Box A, cataloged correspondence, and Box 283 are located on-site.

This collection has no restrictions.

Researchers must wear gloves when handling photographs.

Terms Governing Use and Reproduction

Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. The RBML maintains ownership of the physical material only. Copyright remains with the creator and his/her heirs. The responsibility to secure copyright permission rests with the patron.

Preferred Citation

Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Whitney M. Young papers; Box and Folder; Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University Library.

Related Materials

National Urban League records, 1900-1988 At the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Margaret B. Young Papers. Columbia University Libraries.

Whitney M. Young, Jr. Memorial Foundation Records. Columbia University Libraries.

Accruals

Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. Contact rbml@columbia.edu for more information.

Immediate Source of Acquisition

Source of acquisition--National Urban League. Method of acquisition--Gift; Date of acquisition--1974. Accession number--M-74.

About the Finding Aid / Processing Information

Columbia University Libraries, Rare Book and Manuscript Library

Processing Information

Cataloged Christina Hilton Fenn 09/--/89.

Finding aid biography written Bryan Rosenblithe, GSAS 2012 09/--/2010.

Photograph of Young and John F. Kennedy in box 234 was removed from frame and placed in "dupe file" box (also in box 234) 4/3/2019. kws

Poster of Whitney M. Young, Jr. commemorative postage stamp removed from frame 6/16/21. CLB

John F. Kennedy executive order stored in box numbered 283 6/21/21. CLB

Separated Materials

The following items are missing, all of which were described in a previous finding aid as "shelved at beginning of collection": 1 box of academic hoods (6 hoods and 1 cap), 10 oversized plaques, 15 oversized framed items, and unspecified "Awards."

Subject Headings

The subject headings listed below are found in this collection. Links below allow searches at Columbia University through the Archival Collections Portal and through CLIO, the catalog for Columbia University Libraries, as well as ArchiveGRID, a catalog that allows users to search the holdings of multiple research libraries and archives.

All links open new windows.

Genre/Form

Subject

History / Biographical Note

Biographical / Historical

One of the most influential yet inconspicuous leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, Whitney M. Young, Jr. was born in Lincoln Ridge, Kentucky, on July 31, 1921. Young spent his childhood on the campus of the Lincoln Institute, an all-black boarding school where his father worked as a teacher and later served as principal. Young attended Kentucky State Industrial College and received a bachelor of science degree at the age of twenty.

After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Young joined the U. S. Army, where his educational background enabled him to join three other Black recruits in an electrical engineering program at MIT. While in the Army, Young married Margaret Buckner Young, whom he met at Kentucky State, and they had two children. Young quickly rose to the rank of First Sergeant in the all-Black 1695th Engineer Combat Battalion. Upon returning to the U. S. in 1945, Young rejoined his wife and pursued his masters degree in social work at the University of Minnesota.

It was in Minneapolis that Young first started work for the National Urban League (NUL), but he left the organization in 1953 to serve as Dean of the School of Social Work at Atlanta University. After six years in Atlanta, Young returned to the Urban League as Executive Director in 1961, a position he held until his death by drowning in 1971.

Young's lifelong experiences in elite, albeit segregated, institutions placed him at the edge of America's color line, and throughout his career in the military, the academy and the NUL, Young acted as an intermediary between Black groups and powerful white people. Young deployed a combination of intelligence, charm and the threat of confrontation to persuade American corporate leaders to pay more attention to the needs of urban Black people. Although Malcolm X and other radical Black leaders initially associated Young with the "foxy white liberals" whom they believed to control the mainstream civil rights movement, Young gained Malcolm X's respect and was able to use the threat of action by more militant groups to extract meaningful concessions from begrudging white elites.

While head of the NUL, Young acted as a close advisor to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson while lobbying corporate leaders like Henry Ford, Jr. to hire more Black workers. The Domestic Marshall Plan he helped to develop and pushed to the front of the NUL's official agenda influenced the social programs of Johnson's Great Society, particularly the War on Poverty. Young's ability to maintain cordial relations with the Nixon administration despite the President's hostility to the civil rights movement is a tribute to his flexibility, and he ultimately prevailed upon Nixon to allow established Black agencies in America's inner cities to administer some federal urban relief projects.

Young drowned on March 11, 1971 in the Atlantic ocean off the coast of Lagos, Nigeria where he was attending a conference on foreign relations between the U.S. and Africa.