This collection is located off-site. You will need to request this material at least three business days in advance to use the collection in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library reading room.This collection has no restrictions.
This collection has no restrictions.
Chemist, Professor, and President of the New York Metropolitan Board of Health. Professor Chandler taught at Union College before joining the faculty of Columbia University where he taught in the Chemical Department, the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and served as one of the founders and long-time Dean of Columbia University's School of Mines. He was interested in Industrial Chemistry and Public Health, serving on the New York Metropolitan Board of Health for many years and implementing a number of significant public health and public housing reforms.
This collection consists of material related to Charles F. Chandler's long career with Columbia University, as well as other professional activities, personal and household affairs, and his extensive collection of subject files on chemistry and general scientific matters. Within the Charles Frederick Chandler Papers there are letters, photographs, scrapbooks, ledgers, lab analyses, and some publications, including trade publications and price lists.
This collection is arranged in 3 series.
You will need to make an appointment in advance to use this collection material in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library reading room. You can schedule an appointment once you've submitted your request through your Special Collections Research Account.
This collection is located off-site. You will need to request this material at least three business days in advance to use the collection in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library reading room.This collection has no restrictions.
This collection has no restrictions.
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. The RBML maintains ownership of the physical material only. Copyright remains with the creator and his/her heirs. The responsibility to secure copyright permission rests with the patron.
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Charles F. Chandler papers; Box and Folder; Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University Library.
Central Files Records, 1890-1971 Columbia University Archives, Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Columbia University
Charles Frederick Chandler architectural records and papers collection Avery Architecture and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University
Historical Photograph Collection Columbia University Archives, Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Columbia University
Charles Frederick Chandler Papers at the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library of Columbia University.
Art Properties, based in Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, holds many of Charles F. Chandler's photographic objects from the Chandler Chemical Museum. Their collection contains flat files which are filled with larger and delicate 19th century photographic processes. These include artotypes, albertypes, pinatypes, woodburytypes, and daguerreotypes. In a different section a collection of cameras used for creating daguerreotypes, stereoviews and postage stamp images can also be found.
Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. Contact rbml@columbia.edu for more information.
The material in the information file was salvaged when Professor Chandler's former home was demolished in 1937. Gift in 1937; gift of Edward Epstean, 1940.
Method of acquisition--Gift; Date of acquisition--1937. Accession number--M-37.
Source of acquisition--Epstean, Edward. Method of acquisition--Gift; Date of acquisition--1940. Accession number--M-40.
Columbia University Libraries, Rare Book and Manuscript Library
Cataloged Christina Hilton Fenn 04/17/89.
Revised Carrie Hintz 03/17/09.
Papers processed Carrie Hintz 03/2009.
Subseries I.4, Photographs, reprocessed by Melissa Cabarcas in spring 2023.
2009-05-20 xml document instance created by Carrie Hintz.
2019-05-20 EAD was imported spring 2019 as part of the ArchivesSpace Phase II migration.
Charles Frederick Chandler was an important American chemist and chemical educator. He was deeply involved in issues of chemistry, mining, and public health throughout the last third of the nineteenth and early decades of the twentieth centuries. As a professor at Columbia University, he revolutionized chemical education in the United States and was a major proponent of practical, scientific education. He was deeply involved in professional organizations and kept scrupulously abreast of scientific advancements, keeping detailed notes and files of clippings and articles about different chemical and scientific matters. He often acted as an expert witness in legal cases dealing with chemical matters and was well respected as an expert in his field.
Chandler was born in Lancaster, Massachusetts on December 6, 1936. His family moved shortly after his birth to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he spent most of his formative years and engaged in his earliest formal education. As a child he devoted nearly all of his free time to scientific and geological explorations and attending public lectures on scientific subjects. These public lectures at the New Bedford Lyceum, in particular a series of lectures given by the geologist and naturalist Louis Agassiz, sparked his lifelong interest in science. He was particularly interested in mineralogy and collected rock and mineral samples that he found around his grandfather's Lancaster home.
Upon completion of his studies at New Bedford High School, Chandler spent a year in private study, learning Latin and Greek and conducting chemical experiments in a laboratory he set up in his father's attic to prepare himself for more advanced chemical study. He then left his home in New Bedford and enrolled in the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard University. While at Harvard he studied Industrial Chemistry, but he was encouraged to continue his studies in Industrial Chemistry and Geology in Germany, which was at the forefront of scientific education at the time. He enrolled in the University of Göttingen in 1854 to study with Friedrich Woehler, and after studying under Woehler and working as an assistant in the lad of Heinrich Rose, the father of analytic chemistry, he earned his Ph.D. from the University of Göttingen in 1856.
After completing his degree, Chandler returned to the United States to pursue his own scientific career. Upon his return, in 1857, Chandler became the chemical assistant at Professor Charles Joy's laboratory at Union College in Schenectady, New York and shortly thereafter began to lecture on Mineralogy and Geology at the College as well as manage the laboratory. He became an associate professor at the College in 1857 at the age of 21. He remained at Union College for the next 7 years during which time he ran the chemistry lab and married his first wife, Anna Craig Chandler.
His tenure at Union College ended in 1864 when Chandler was asked by his former colleague, Professor Joy, to consider taking on the Chair of Chemistry at the newly formed Columbia University School of Mines that Professor Thomas Egleston and General Vinton were attempting to start under President Barnard. Chandler took the opportunity to move to New York, and begin his long relationship with Columbia University.
The School of Mines, later to develop into the School of Engineering and Applied Science, consisted at this time of one room in the basement of a Madison Avenue academic building. Within the first year of the School's existence, Chandler took on the position of Dean, and under his leadership in that first year the school moved to a larger four floor building and doubled the number of students enrolled in its program of study. Chandler was to remain dean of the School of Mines for the next 33 years, through its move to its new home on Columbia's Morningside Campus and into Havermeyer Hall, the state-of-the-art Chemistry building that he helped to design.
Though he stepped down as the Dean of the School of Mines in 1897, he continued to teach chemistry at Columbia University until 1910, where students described him as an extremely popular and engaging instructor.
Though Chandler is perhaps most associated with the School of Mines, he also, starting in 1867, began lecturing in Chemistry for the New York College of Pharmacy. He acted as president of this school until 1897 when it formalized its relationship to Columbia University and was incorporated as a University Faculty in 1897. He also lectured in Columbia's College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1872 where he taught chemistry and medical jurisprudence and called for a more rigorous scientific training for medical professionals. In addition to his instructional and administrative duties, Chandler also started a Chemical Museum, later named the Chandler Chemical Museum in his honor, to highlight the accomplishments of modern industrial and analytic chemistry.
While Chandler was a very popular instructor, he was not always so popular among his colleagues. He spent much of his time acting as an expert witness in various legal cases and patent disputes, and performed independent consulting work for companies such as Standard Oil. Many of Chandler's colleagues had concerns that Chandler was more focused on his profitable, outside consulting work than he was on his academic and administrative duties.
Though he was not entirely without controversy, Chandler remained an integral part chemical education at Columbia University until 1911 when he finally, after 46 years of service at Columbia and 54 years of college teaching, retired. Upon retirement he and his second wife, Augusta Berard Chandler, continued to reside in New York City, but spent more and more time at their summer home in Westhampton and at her family's home in New Hartford, Connecticut, where Chandler died in 1825.
While chemical instruction made up much of Charles Chandler's career, he was also an energetic public health advocate and sanitation reformer. His career in public service began in 1866 when the Secretary of the Metropolitan Board of Health asked Chandler to perform some chemical work for the board, ex officio. The Board soon realized the value of having a chemist as part of the organization and later that year Chandler was appointed as chemist to the Board of Health. In 1873 Mayor Havermeyer appointed Chandler to the Presidency of the Metropolitan Board of Health, a position he held until 1883.
His work with the New York City Municipal Board of Health led to a number of important sanitary reforms in the city. When he began his services on the Board of Health in 1866, 53 out of every 100 deaths in the city were children under the age of 5. He implemented major reforms to improve infant nutrition, including stopping the sale of watered-down milk, and instituted a corps of traveling physicians to tend to the residents of tenements. By the time he left the Board, the child mortality rate had fallen to 46 out of every 100 deaths, an estimated saving of 8000 lives and 5000 children per annum. He was a strong advocate for tenement reform, designing tenement houses that were cleaner and brighter than those most prevalent in the City, and pushing a "Tenement House Act" through legislature. This is all in addition to the more mundane tasks of testing household goods such as cosmetics, patent medicine, and wallpaper for toxic and potentially harmful additives. The Board of Health, under his leadership is credited with preventing a cholera epidemic in 1883. He, himself, thought his most important work with the Board of Health was his work in reducing fatal kerosene related accidents through informing the public about the dangers of kerosene with naphtha and gasoline added (making combustible vapors). All in all, Chandler's leadership of the Board of Health marks an important chapter in the history of sanitation in New York.
Chandler was very active in professional and social organizations, belonging to several Chemical Clubs and Organizations. While some of his clubs were purely or primarily social, other such as The Chemists' Club, which Chandler founded, were intended to build professional connections among scientists in New York. He also founded the American Chemical Society, and served twice as its president, first in 1881 and again in 1889, and served as the president of the Society of Chemical Industry. In 1870 he and his brother William Henry Chandler, a Chemistry Professor at Lehigh University, started the journal The American Chemist, the first chemical journal in America.
He received a number of honorary degrees, the Gold Medal of the National Institute of Social Sciences, and the prestigious Perkin Medal from the Society of Chemical Industry. After he retired from Columbia University, the alumni of that University set up an endowment for the Chandler lectureship and the Chandler medal in his honor.
The Personal Series is comprised of material related to Chandler's personal and domestic life, including material relating to the upkeep and management of his home and a number of photographs of Chandler and his associates. Additionally, the series contains his correspondence files relating to matters both personal and professional.
Subseries I.1 contains correspondence both sent and received by Charles Chandler. Though this file falls within the series of Chandler's personal papers, this correspondence often relates to his professional life and could have been sent in any of his various capacities as professor, member of the Metropolitan Board of Health, and a member of various professional organizations. The subseries also includes the correspondence of Chandler's second wife, Augusta Chandler and correspondence relating to their wedding.
Box 1 Folder 1 to 20
Box 1 Folder 24 to 27
1860-1925, (4 Folders)
Box 2 Folder 1 to 7
1860-1925, (7 Folders)
Box 3 Folder 1
1870-1924
Box 3 Folder 2 to 3
Box 3 Folder 4
Box 3 Folder 5
Box 3 Folder 6
Box 3 Folder 7
Box 4 Folder 1 to 3
This subseries contains a great deal of information related to Chandler's personal life and professional activities including some biographical articles and printed matter about Chandler, the subject files related to his many professional and social clubs and organizations, as well as school work and early diaries and scrapbooks depicting his younger life and travels. This series also includes the realia and three dimensional material connected with the collection but not part of one of Chandler's specific subject files. The objects in this series range from Chandler's pipe to small chemical apparatus. Also of interest here are some of Mrs. Augusta Chandler's files, notably scrapbooks such as her dinner party or opera-going books which depict the social obligations of a well-to-do woman in New York at the turn of the twentieth century.
Box 5
Box 6 Folder 1 to 2
Box 6 Folder 3
Box 6 Folder 4
Box 6 Folder 5
Box 6 Folder 6
Box 7 Folder 1 to 6
Box 8 Folder 1 to 5
Box 9 Folder 1 to 6
Box 10 Folder 1 to 6
Box 11 Folder 1 to 7
Box 12 Folder 1 to 6
Box 13 Folder 1
Box 13 Folder 2 to 3
Box 14 Folder 1
Box 14 Folder 2
Box 14 Folder 3
Box 14 Folder 4
1855-1856
Box 14 Folder 5
Box 14 Folder 6
Box 15 Folder 1
Box 15 Folder 2
Box 15 Folder 3
Box 15 Folder 4
Box 15 Folder 5
Box 15 Folder 6
Box 16 Folder 1
1882-1886
Box 16 Folder 2
Box 16 Folder 3
Box 17 Folder 1
Box 17 Folder 2
Box 17 Folder 3
Box 17 Folder 4 to 5
Box 17 Folder 6
Box 18 Folder 1
Box 18 Folder 2 to 4
Box 18 Folder 5
These files provide an intimate glimpse into the Chandler household through detailed information about household accounts, including bills, receipts and correspondence about standing orders and accounts. Additionally, the subseries includes information about many properties either owned or managed by Charles and Augusta Chandler, many of which were ancestral properties that were willed to the couple. Copies of some of these wills and property deeds are included.
Box 19
Box 20
Box 21
Box 22
Box 23
Box 24
Box 25
Box 26 Folder 1 to 2
Box 26 Folder 3 to 4
Box 26 Folder 5
Box 26 Folder 6
Box 26 Folder 7
Box 27 Folder 1 to 2
Box 27 Folder 3
Box 28 Folder 1 to 5
Box 29 Folder 1 to 4
Box 29 Folder 5 to 6
Box 30
Box 31 Folder 1 to 2
Box 31 Folder 3
Box 31 Folder 4 to 6
Box 31 Folder 7
Box 31 Folder 8
Box 32
Subseries 1.4 contains photographs by Chandler and associates using different photographic processes. These are mostly 19th-century photographic processes that include albumen, cyanotype, collodion, salt print, platinotype, silver gelatin, and some photomechanical processes like collotype, woodburytype, photogravure, and bonnaudtype. The images range from his family, friends, colleagues, students, scholars, various homes, laboratories, artwork, gardens, portraits, and travels. Also included are newspaper/magazine clippings, postcards, stereoviews, cabinet cards, x-rays, cartes-de-visites, a framed photograph, a photo album, one glass plate, letters, and various ephemera.
Box 33 Folder 1
Shows experimental photography editing processes.
Box 33 Folder 2
Family photo album in bad shape. Chandler is older in these pictures. Please do not remove items from folder as they are very delicate.
Box 33 Folder 3
Albumen cabinet cards with duplicates of same women who might be one of Chandler's wives. The duplicates show photographic experimenting. There are also a group of silver gelatin prints.
Box 33 Folder 4
Mixture of albumen cabinet cards, silver gelatin and photomechanical print processes.
Box 33 Folder 5
All matted document sized albumen photographs.
Box 278 Folder 1
One large matted albumen photograph of first wife, Ann Chandler.
Box 33 Folder 6
Several photographic processes. Albumen, collodion and silver gelatin. One image has stamped on back that it was taken from a dry plate.
Box 278 Folder 2
One large matted photograph.
Box 34 Folder 1
Postcards, photographic dry plates cardboard box cover, collodion prints, silver gelatin prints and one cyanotype.
Box 34 Folder 2
Silver gelatin and collodion prints.
Box 34 Folder 3
Silver gelatin and collodion prints.
Box 34 Folder 4
Photographs of servants. At least 3 different homes. Silver gelatin, collodion and albumen prints. One postcard.
Box 34 Folder 5
Silver gelatin, collodion prints, and albumen. One small matted photograph.
Box 34 Folder 6
Silver gelatin and collodion prints.
Box 35 Folder 1
Silver gelatin, collodion, and albumen prints. One cabinet card of professor Henry Draper's observatory with a silver glass reflector. Newspaper clipping.
Box 35 Folder 2
Photographs of machinery from factories and or mills. One postcard of a mill. All cabinet cards have writing on the back giving name and function of machinery. Mixed in are silver gelatin and albumen prints.
Box 35 Folder 3
Cabinet card samples with attached paper with space for subject, lens, plate and edited by sections to be filled out by the developer. All have been edited by a said Edwin Gould. Two cabinet cards samples showcasing images taken by a camera that is advertised in the back of the cards, as "Horseman's No. 2 Eclipse Outfit". Also included is a section of a German photography sample book.
Box 278 Folder 3
X-ray photographs of hands.
Box 35 Folder 4
Series of negatives. One set of negatives in envelopes is wrapped with a letter from 1940 from the Chandler Chemical Museum giving them over to Columbiana at Low Library. [Negatives being reviewed, May 2023]
Box 35 Folder 5
Mixture of portraits of Chandler during his life. Some albumen, collodion and photomechanical processes. One program from a presentation of Chandlers portrait.
Box 278 Folder 4
Professional studio portraits of Chandler in portfolios mixed with lager matted portraits and one Columbia Alumni News magazine from 1910.
Box Glass Plate CMI box
Box 35 Folder 6
Cabinet cards of different sizes not all of Chandler. Two images are inscribed in the back as his laboratory called "The Cherries" in Westhampton Long Island NY. Some are albumen and others collodion. One postcard.
Box 36 Folder 1
Oval framed photograph possibly of Chandler as a child. Mixture of larger cabinet cards with some gelatin portraits. A group of photomechanical images of Chandler.
Box 278 Folder 5
Two photomechanical portraits of Chandler.
Box 36 Folder 2
Chandler's Portrait form the Society for Chemical Engineering Yearbook, 1919. One image is made from a photomechanical process. The other 6 images are of the same portrait using a photographic process.
Box 36 Folder 3
Large format cabinet cards, one postcard and a handmade stereoview card. Mixture of photographic processes like albumen, collodion and gelatin. One folder from a company called Powers Photo Engraving Company gives a look into the process of photo-editing. The folder shows how a photographic portrait is manipulated through ink and blocking to create an edited photomechanical engraving.
Box 36 Folder 4
Large format cabinet cards with two officers in uniform. One great example of the photomechanical process called photogravure.
Box 278 Folder 6
Three large photographs backed with canvas and or burlap.
Box 36 Folder 5
Mixture of cabinet cards and one cartes de visite. Different photographic processes including albumen, photogravure and one woodburytype image.
Box 36 Folder 6
Mixture of different photographic processes like photogravure and woodburytype. One photomechanical image is in color. There are some cabinet cards and one postcard.
Box 36 Folder 7
One business card and the rest are albumen carte de visites.
Box 36 Folder 8
One albumen cabinet card and the rest are albumen carte de visites.
Box 37 Folder 1
One woodburytype photo of Queen Victoria, one carte de visite of Ann Chandler, his first wife. A calling card with a colored woodburytype cabinet card of a women. Mix in are other larger cabinet cards and photographs.
Box 278 Folder 7
Box 37 Folder 2
Two images from glass plates. A couple of cabinet cards and cartes de visite. Three of those cards comes with the Pears Soap logo on the back and create a stereoscopic image. Many images of his first wife Ann Chandler and images of actresses with their names on the back.
Box 37 Folder 3
This folder has photographs which has notes on the images showing things like shutter speed, ISO and aperture.
Box 37 Folder 4
Mixture of photographic and photomechanical processes. The photographs in this folder were used to create images for pamphlets and or magazines. Those clipped together show how photographic images where made into print.
Box 278 Folder 8
Photographs from The Society of Chemical Industry 1905. One photomechanical print image from the College of Pharmacy from the City of New York. Large matted albumen print of the Commissioners of the Board of Health in the State of New York.
Box 37 Folder 5
Silver gelatin prints taken for the school of mines. Most are larger format cabinet cards. Note from someone wanting to use the images for an exhibit. Some calling cards.
Box 37 Folder 6
Mixture of photographs and images from travels of artwork. Interesting and rare photographic process called "The Bonnaudtype" in which color photographs are produced.
Box 278 Folder 9
Box 278 Folder 10
Oversized silver gelatin photographs.
Box 37 Folder 7
One cabinet card mixed with gelatin and or collodion prints.
Box 37 Folder 8
Collotypes, collodion, albumen and gelatin prints.
Box 37 Folder 9
Photochrom, gelatin, and collodion photography. One postcard and cabinet card.
Box 278 Folder 11
Oversized photographs.
Box 37 Folder 10
Box 37 Folder 11
Silver gelatin, albumen, collotype, photochrom and one cyanotype print.
Box 37 Folder 12
Many postcards along with some collotype prints of steroview images.
Box 37 Folder 13
Cyanotypes, one bonnaudtype mixed in with other photographic processes.
The professional series contains files related to Chandler's professional life as a scientist and educator, and his role as a public servant on the New York Municipal Board of Health.
This subseries documents professional awards and honors awarded to Chandler, as well as some files related to awards he presented or otherwise helped to administer. Notably, this subseries contains files related to the Perkin medal, which was both received and presented by Chandler on different occasions, and a number of remembrances of Chandler given on the occasion of his retirement from Columbia.
Box 38 Folder 1
Box 38 Folder 2
Material related to the commissioning of a bust of Charles Chandler
Box 38 Folder 3 to 6
Box 39 Folder 1
Box 39 Folder 2
Box 39 Folder 3
Box 39 Folder 4
Box 39 Folder 5
Box 39 Folder 6 to 8
Box 40 Folder 1 to 3
Box 40 Folder 4 to 5
Box 40 Folder 6
Box 40 Folder 7
Box 41 Folder 1
Box 41 Folder 2
Box 41 Folder 3
Box 41 Folder 4 to 5
Box 41 Folder 6 to 7
The Academic and Scholarly Activities subseries documents Chandler's teaching and administrative activities, primarily with Columbia University as well as his professional chemical and scientific activities. The Columbia files include correspondence and memos relating to his roles as teacher and administrator in a number of departments and schools, most notably as the dean of the School of Mines. Also represented in this subseries are laboratory analyses that Chandler made or oversaw in his laboratory, and files relating to the founding ofThe American Chemist.
Box 42 Folder 1
Box 42 Folder 2
Box 42 Folder 3 to 4
Box 42 Folder 5
Box 42
1893-1925
Box 43 Folder 1
Box 43 Folder 2 to 3
Box 43 Folder 4
Box 43 Folder 5
Box 43 Folder 6
Box 43 Folder 7
Box 43 Folder 8
Box 44 Folder 1 to 2
Box 44 Folder 3
Box 44
Box 44 Folder 4
Box 44 Folder 5
Box 44 Folder 6
Box 44 Folder 7
Box 45
Box 46
Box 47
Box 48
Box 49
The Municipal Board of Health Subseries includes files related to Chandler's work with the new York Board of Health. Particularly well-represented in this subseries are Chandler's interests in safe and sanitary tenements and slaughterhouses, though the subseries also includes laboratory analyses of health and beauty products and correspondence files.
Box 50 Folder 1
Box 50 Folder 2
Box 50 Folder 3
Box 50 Folder 4
Box 50 Folder 5 to 7
Box 51 Folder 1 to 3
Box 51 Folder 4
Box 52 Folder 1 to 11
Box 52 Folder 12 to 13
Box 53 Folder 1 to 2
Box 53 Folder 3 to 5
Box 53 Folder 6
The Subject File series is comprised of Chandler's own extensive research files and are arranged alphabetically. Many of these files are directly related to chemical, legal, or public health problems that Chandler actively worked on in his career, but there are also many that reflect his general interests in science and technology, such as the files related to photography and photographic processes. A typical subject file may contain clippings and notes, published articles, advertisements, correspondence, and often legal proceedings or legal precedents. As a general rule these are materials collected but not authored by Chandler, exceptions to this will generally be noted. Many of the subject files also contain physical samples of the materials-- notably but certainly not exclusively in Chandler's large collection of dye samples.
Box 54 Folder 1 to 3
Box 54 Folder 4
Box 54 Folder 5
Box 54 Folder 6 to 7
Box 55 Folder 1 to 2
Box 56 Folder 1
Box 56 Folder 2
Box 56 Folder 3
Box 56 Folder 4
Box 56 Folder 5 to 6
Box 57 Folder 1 to 2
Box 57 Folder 3 to 4
Box 57 Folder 5
Box 58 Folder 1 to 3
Box 58 Folder 4
Box 58 Folder 5
Box 59 Folder 1 to 6
Box 60 Folder 1 to 2
Box 60 Folder 3 to 5
Box 61 Folder 1
Box 61 Folder 2
Box 61 Folder 3 to 4
Box 61 Folder 5
Box 62 Folder 1
Box 62 Folder 2
Box 62 Folder 3
Box 62 Folder 4 to 5
Box 62 Folder 6
Box 63 Folder 1
Box 63 Folder 2
Box 63 Folder 3
Box 63 Folder 4 to 6
Box 64 Folder 1 to 4
Box 65 Folder 1 to 4
Box 66 Folder 1
Box 66 Folder 2
Box 66 Folder 3
Box 67 Folder 1
Box 67 Folder 2 to 3
Box 67 Folder 4
Box 68 Folder 1
Box 68 Folder 2 to 4
Box 68 Folder 5
Box 68 Folder 6
Box 69 Folder 1 to 2
Box 69 Folder 3
Box 69 Folder 4
Box 69 Folder 5
Box 69 Folder 6
Box 70 Folder 1 to 2
Box 70 Folder 3
Box 70 Folder 4
Box 71 Folder 1
1883
Box 71 Folder 2
Box 71 Folder 3
1889
Box 71 Folder 4
Box 71 Folder 5
Box 71 Folder 6
Box 72 Folder 1 to 2
Box 72 Folder 3 to 5
Box 72 Folder 6
Box 73 Folder 1 to 5
Box 73 Folder 6
Box 74 Folder 1 to 5
Box 74 Folder 6
Box 75 Folder 1
Box 75 Folder 2 to 3
1880-1916, (2 Folders)
Box 75 Folder 4
Box 75 Folder 5 to 6
Box 76 Folder 1 to 2
Box 76 Folder 3
Box 76 Folder 4
Folder 76 Folder 5-7
Box 77 Folder 1 to 4
Box 77 Folder 5 to 6
Box 78 Folder 1 to 2
Box 78 Folder 3
Box 78 Folder 4
Box 78 Folder 5
Box 79 Folder 1 to 4
Box 79 Folder 5
Box 82
Box 80 Folder 1 to 2
Box 80 Folder 3
Box 80 Folder 4
Box 80 Folder 5
Box 80 Folder 6 to 8
Box 81 Folder 1 to 4
Box 83 Folder 1 to 2
Box 83 Folder 3
Box 83 Folder 4
Box 83 Folder 5
Box 83 Folder 6
Box 83 Folder 7
Box 84 Folder 1
Box 84 Folder 2 to 5
Box 85 Folder 1 to 3
Box 85 Folder 4 to 6
Box 86 Folder 1 to 2
Box 86 Folder 3
Box 86 Folder 4 to 5
Box 87 Folder 1 to 2
Box 87 Folder 3 to 4
Box 87 Folder 5 to 6
Box 88 Folder 1 to 6
Box 88 Folder 7
Box 88 Folder 8
Box 88 Folder 9
Box 89 Folder 1 to 5
Box 89 Folder 6 to 7
Box 90 Folder 1
Box 90 Folder 2 to 3
Box 90 Folder 4
Box 90 Folder 5
Box 90 Folder 6 to 7
Box 90 Folder 8
Box 90 Folder 9
Box 90 Folder 10
Box 91 Folder 1
Box 91 Folder 2 to 4
Box 91 Folder 5
Box 92 Folder 1 to 3
Box 92 Folder 4 to 5
Box 92 Folder 6
Box 93 Folder 1
Box 93 Folder 2
Box 93 Folder 3 to 4
Box 93 Folder 5
Box 93 Folder 6
Box 94 Folder 1
Box 94 Folder 2 to 4
Box 94 Folder 5
Box 94 Folder 6 to 7
Box 94 Folder 8
Box 95 Folder 1
Box 95 Folder 2 to 7
Box 96 Folder 1
Box 96 Folder 2
Box 96 Folder 3 to 6
Box 96 Folder 7 to 8
Box 97 Folder 1 to 2
Box 97 Folder 3
Box 97 Folder 4
Box 97 Folder 5 to 6
Box 98 Folder 1 to 3
Box 98 Folder 4 to 5
Box 99 Folder 1 to 3
Box 99 Folder 4
Box 99 Folder 5
Box 99 Folder 6
Box 100 Folder 1 to 3
Box 100 Folder 4 to 5
Box 101 Folder 1 to 4
Box 101 Folder 5
Box 102
Box 103 Folder 1 to 2
Box 103 Folder 3
Box 103 Folder 4
Box 103 Folder 5
Box 103 Folder 6
Box 104 Folder 1
Box 104 Folder 2
Box 104 Folder 3
Box 104 Folder 4 to 5
Box 105 Folder 1 to 2
Box 105 Folder 3
Box 106
Box 107 Folder 1
Box 107 Folder 2 to 3
Box 107 Folder 4
Box 107 Folder 5 to 6
Box 108 Folder 1 to 3
Box 108 Folder 4
Box 108 Folder 5
Box 109 Folder 1 to 3
Box 109 Folder 4 to 5
Box 110 Folder 1 to 5
Box 110 Folder 6
Box 111 Folder 1
Box 111 Folder 2
Box 111 Folder 3 to 6
Box 112 Folder 1
Box 112 Folder 2 to 3
Box 113 Folder 1
Box 113 Folder 2
Box 113 Folder 3
Box 113 Folder 4
Box 113 Folder 5
Box 113 Folder 6
Box 114 Folder 1
Box 114 Folder 2 to 3
Box 114 Folder 4 to 5
Box 115 Folder 1 to 5
Box 115 Folder 6
Box 116
Box 117
Box 118 Folder 1
Box 118 Folder 2 to 6
Box 119 Folder 1 to 2
Box 119 Folder 3 to 5
Box 120 Folder 1 to 4
Box 120 Folder 5 to 6
Box 121
Box 122
Box 123
Box 124
Box 125
Box 126 Folder 1 to 2
Box 126 Folder 3 to 5
Box 127 Folder 1 to 2
Box 127 Folder 3 to 7
Box 128 Folder 1 to 2
Box 128 Folder 3
Box 128 Folder 4
Box 128 Folder 5 to 7
Box 129 Folder 1
Box 129 Folder 2
Box 129 Folder 3
Box 129 Folder 4
Box 129 Folder 5
Box 129 Folder 6
Box 129 Folder 7
Box 129 Folder 8
Box 129 Folder 9
Box 130 Folder 1
Box 130 Folder 2
Box 130 Folder 3
Box 130 Folder 4 to 6
Box 130 Folder 7
Box 131 Folder 1 to 3
Box 131 Folder 4 to 6
Box 132 Folder 1
Box 132 Folder 2
Box 132 Folder 3 to 4
Box 132 Folder 5 to 7
Box 133
Box 134 Folder 1 to 3
Box 134 Folder 4
Box 134 Folder 5
Box 135 Folder 1
Box 135 Folder 2 to 5
Box 136
Box 137
Box 138 Folder 1
Box 138 Folder 2
Box 138 Folder 3 to 4
Box 139 Folder 1 to 2
Box 139 Folder 3
Box 139 Folder 4 to 5
Box 140
Box 141 Folder 1
Box 141 Folder 2 to 5
Box 141 Folder 6
Box 141 Folder 7
Box 141 Folder 8
Box 142
Box 143
Box 144 Folder 1
Box 144 Folder 2
Box 144 Folder 3
Box 144 Folder 4 to 7
Box 145
Box 146 Folder 1
Box 146 Folder 2 to 3
Box 146 Folder 4 to 5
Box 147 Folder 1 to 4
Box 147 Folder 5 to 6
Box 148 Folder 1 to 3
Box 148 Folder 4
Box 148 Folder 5 to 6
Box 149 Folder 1
Box 149 Folder 2 to 3
Box 149 Folder 4 to 5
Box 149 Folder 6
Box 150 Folder 1 to 2
Box 150 Folder 3 to 4
Box 151
Box 152 Folder 1 to 2
Box 152 Folder 3 to 4
Box 152 Folder 5
Box 153 Folder 1
Box 153 Folder 2
Box 153 Folder 3
Box 153 Folder 4 to 5
Box 154 Folder 1
Box 154 Folder 2
Box 154 Folder 3
Box 154 Folder 4
Box 155 Folder 1
Box 155 Folder 2
Box 155 Folder 3 to 7
Box 156 Folder 1
Box 156 Folder 2 to 5
Box 156 Folder 6
Box 157 Folder 1
Item removed from collection- please refer to digital image.
Item removed from collection- please refer to digital image
Box 157 Folder 2
Box 157 Folder 3 to 4
Box 157 Folder 5
Box 157 Folder 6
Box 158 Folder 1 to 2
Box 158 Folder 3 to 4
Box 158 Folder 5 to 6
Box 159 Folder 1 to 2
Box 159 Folder 3 to 4
Box 160 Folder 1
Box 160 Folder 2 to 5
Box 161
Box 162 Folder 1 to 2
Box 162 Folder 3
Box 162 Folder 4
Box 162 Folder 5
Box 163 Folder 1
Box 163 Folder 2 to 6
Box 164 Folder 1 to 3
Box 164 Folder 4
Box 164 Folder 5
Box 164 Folder 6
Box 165 Folder 1
Box 165 Folder 2
Box 165 Folder 3
Box 165 Folder 4
Box 165 Folder 5 to 6
Box 165
Box 166 Folder 1
Box 166 Folder 2 to 3
Box 166 Folder 4 to 7
Box 167 Folder 1 to 2
Box 167 Folder 3
Box 167 Folder 4
Box 167 Folder 5
Box 167 Folder 6
Box 167 Folder 7
Box 168 Folder 1
Box 168 Folder 2
Box 168 Folder 3 to 5
Box 169 Folder 1 to 2
Box 169 Folder 3 to 5
Box 170 Folder 1 to 4
Box 170 Folder 5 to 7
Box 171 Folder 1 to 2
Box 171 Folder 3 to 5
Box 172 Folder 1 to 2
Box 172 Folder 3 to 4
Box 172 Folder 5 to 6
Box 173 Folder 1 to 2
Box 173 Folder 3
Box 173 Folder 4
Box 173 Folder 5 to 6
Box 174 Folder 1 to 2
Box 174 Folder 3
Box 174 Folder 4
Box 174 Folder 5 to 6
Box 175 Folder 1 to 4
Box 175 Folder 5 to 6
Box 176
Box 177
Box 178 Folder 1
Box 178 Folder 2 to 5
Box 179 Folder 1 to 2
Box 179 Folder 3
Box 179 Folder 4
Box 179 Folder 5
Box 179 Folder 6 to 7
Box 180 Folder 1
Box 180 Folder 2
Box 180 Folder 3 to 4
Box 180 Folder 5
Box 180 Folder 6
Box 180 Folder 7
Box 181 Folder 1
Box 181 Folder 2 to 3
Box 181 Folder 4
Box 181 Folder 5
Box 181 Folder 6 to 7
Box 181 Folder 8
Box 182
Box 183 Folder 1 to 3
Box 183 Folder 4
Box 183 Folder 5 to 6
Box 184 Folder 1 to 5
Box 184 Folder 6
Box 184 Folder 7
Box 185 Folder 1
Box 185 Folder 2
Box 185 Folder 3 to 6
Box 186
Box 187 Folder 1 to 3
Box 187 Folder 4 to 5
Box 188 Folder 1
Box 188 Folder 2
Box 188 Folder 3
Box 188 Folder 4
Box 188 Folder 5 to 6
Box 189 Folder 1
Box 189 Folder 2
Box 189 Folder 3 to 7
Box 189 Folder 8
Box 190 Folder 1
Box 190 Folder 2
Box 190 Folder 3
Box 190 Folder 4
Box 190 Folder 5 to 6
Box 190 Folder 7
Box 190 Folder 8
Box 191 Folder 1
Box 191 Folder 2
Box 191 Folder 3
Box 191 Folder 4
Box 191 Folder 5
Box 191 Folder 6
Box 191 Folder 7
Box 191 Folder 9
Box 191 Folder 10
Box 192 Folder 1 to 5
Box 192 Folder 6
Box 193 Folder 1 to 2
Box 193 Folder 3 to 4
Box 193 Folder 5 to 6
Box 194 Folder 1
Box 194 Folder 2 to 3
Box 194 Folder 4
Box 194 Folder 5
Box 194 Folder 6
Box 194 Folder 7
Box 195 Folder 1 to 5
Box 195 Folder 6 to 7
Box 196
Box 197 Folder 1
Box 197 Folder 2 to 5
Box 197 Folder 6
Box 198 Folder 1 to 2
Box 198 Folder 3
Box 198 Folder 4 to 6
Box 199 Folder 1
Box 199 Folder 2
Box 199 Folder 3 to 4
Box 199 Folder 5
Box 199 Folder 6
Box 199 Folder 7
Box 200 Folder 1
Box 200 Folder 2 to 3
Box 200 Folder 4 to 5
Box 201 Folder 1 to 4
Box 202 Folder 1
Box 202 Folder 2
Box 202 Folder 3 to 5
Box 202 Folder 6
Box 202 Folder 7
Box 202 Folder 8
Box 203 Folder 1 to 4
Box 203 Folder 5
Box 203 Folder 6
Box 203 Folder 7
Box 204 Folder 1 to 4
Box 204 Folder 5
Box 204 Folder 6
Box 205 Folder 1
Box 205 Folder 2
Box 205 Folder 3
Box 205 Folder 4 to 6
Box 206
Box 207 Folder 1 to 2
Box 207 Folder 3 to 4
Box 207 Folder 5
Box 208 Folder 1 to 2
Box 208 Folder 3 to 5
Box 209
Box 210
Box 211 Folder 1
Box 211 Folder 2 to 3
Box 211 Folder 4 to 5
Box 212 Folder 1 to 2
Box 212 Folder 3
Box 212 Folder 4 to 6
Box 213 Folder 1
Box 213 Folder 2
Box 213 Folder 3
Box 213 Folder 4
Box 213 Folder 5
Box 213 Folder 6
Box 214
Box 215
Box 216
Box 217
Box 218 Folder 1 to 4
Box 218 Folder 5 to 6
Box 219
Box 220 Folder 1 to 2
Box 220 Folder 3 to 4
Box 221 Folder 1 to 4
Box 221 Folder 5
Box 222 Folder 1 to 3
Box 222 Folder 4 to 5
Box 223 Folder 1
Box 223 Folder 2 to 3
Box 223 Folder 4
Box 223 Folder 5
Box 224 Folder 1
Box 224 Folder 2
Box 224 Folder 3
Box 224 Folder 4 to 5
Box 224 Folder 6
Box 225 Folder 1 to 5
Box 225 Folder 6 to 7
Box 226 Folder 1
Box 226 Folder 2
Box 226 Folder 3 to 5
Box 226 Folder 6
Box 227
Box 228 Folder 1
Box 228 Folder 2 to 3
Box 228 Folder 4
Box 229 Folder 1
Box 229 Folder 2 to 4
Box 229 Folder 5 to 8
Box 229 Folder 9 to 11
Box 229 Folder 12
Box 229 Folder 13
Box 229 Folder 14
Box 229 Folder 15
Box 229 Folder 16
Box 229 Folder 17
Box 230 Folder 1 to 2
Box 230 Folder 3
Box 230 Folder 4
Box 230 Folder 5 to 6
Box 230 Folder 7 to 9
Box 230 Folder 10
Box 230 Folder 11
Box 230 Folder 12 to 13
Box 230 Folder 14
Box 231 Folder 1
Box 231 Folder 2
Box 231 Folder 3
Box 231 Folder 4
Box 231 Folder 5
Box 231 Folder 6 to 7
Box 231 Folder 8 to 13
Box 231 Folder 14
Box 231 Folder 15 to 16
Box 231 Folder 17 to 18
Box 231 Folder 19
Box 232 Folder 1 to 3
Box 232 Folder 4
Box 232 Folder 5 to 6
Box 232 Folder 7
Box 232 Folder 8
Box 232 Folder 9
Box 232 Folder 10
Box 232 Folder 11 to 14
Box 232 Folder 15 to 16
Box 233 Folder 1 to 4
Box 233 Folder 5
Box 233 Folder 6
Box 233 Folder 7 to 8
Box 233 Folder 9
Box 233 Folder 10
Box 233 Folder 11
Box 233 Folder 12
Box 233 Folder 13 to 15
Box 234 Folder 1 to 4
Box 234 Folder 5
Box 234 Folder 6
Box 234 Folder 7 to 9
Box 234 Folder 10
Box 234 Folder 11
Box 234 Folder 12
Box 277
Box 234 Folder 13
Box 234 Folder 14
Box 235 Folder 1
Box 235 Folder 2 to 3
Box 235 Folder 4 to 5
Box 236 Folder 1 to 3
Box 236 Folder 4 to 5
Box 237
Box 238 Folder 1 to 4
Box 238 Folder 5
Box 238 Folder 6
Box 239
Box 240 Folder 1 to 2
Box 240 Folder 3
Box 240 Folder 4
Box 240 Folder 5
Box 240 Folder 6 to 7
Box 241 Folder 1
Box 241 Folder 2
Box 241 Folder 3 to 4
Box 241 Folder 5
Box 241 Folder 6
Box 242 Folder 1
Box 242 Folder 2
Box 242 Folder 3
Box 242 Folder 4 to 5
Box 242 Folder 6 to 7
Box 243 Folder 1
Box 243 Folder 2 to 3
Box 243 Folder 4
Box 243 Folder 5
Box 243 Folder 6
Box 243 Folder 7 to 8
Box 244 Folder 1 to 2
Box 244 Folder 3 to 6
Box 244 Folder 7
Box 244 Folder 8
Box 244 Folder 9
Box 244 Folder 10 to 12
Box 244 Folder 13
Box 244 Folder 14
Box 244 Folder 15 to 17
Box 245 Folder 1 to 2
Box 245 Folder 3
Box 245 Folder 4 to 8
Box 245 Folder 9 to 11
Box 245 Folder 12 to 13
Box 246 Folder 1
Box 246 Folder 2 to 4
Box 246 Folder 5 to 7
Box 246 Folder 8
Box 246 Folder 9
Box 246 Folder 10
Box 246 Folder 11 to 15
Box 247 Folder 1
Box 247 Folder 2
Box 247 Folder 3 to 4
Box 247 Folder 5 to 7
Box 277
Box 247 Folder 8
Box 247 Folder 9
Box 247 Folder 10
Box 247 Folder 11 to 13
Box 247 Folder 14
Box 247 Folder 15 to 16
Box 248 Folder 1 to 3
Box 248 Folder 4
Box 248 Folder 5 to 6
Box 248 Folder 7
Box 248 Folder 8
Box 248 Folder 9
Box 248 Folder 10
Box 248 Folder 11
Box 249 Folder 1 to 4
Box 249 Folder 5 to 6
Box 249 Folder 7
Box 249 Folder 8 to 12
Box 250 Folder 1 to 5
Box 250 Folder 6
Box 250 Folder 7
Box 250 Folder 8
Box 250 Folder 9 to 11
Box 250 Folder 12 to 14
Box 251 Folder 1 to 8
Box 251 Folder 9 to 13
Box 251 Folder 14
Box 252 Folder 1
Box 252 Folder 2 to 3
Box 252 Folder 4
Box 252 Folder 5 to 6
Box 252 Folder 7
Box 252 Folder 8
Box 252 Folder 9
Box 252 Folder 10
Box 252 Folder 11
Box 252 Folder 12 to 16
Box 252 Folder 17
Box 252 Folder 18
Box 253 Folder 1 to 3
Box 253 Folder 4
Box 253 Folder 5
Box 253 Folder 6 to 7
Box 253 Folder 8 to 11
Box 253 Folder 12
Box 253 Folder 13 to 15
Box 254 Folder 1 to 5
Box 254 Folder 6
Box 254 Folder 7 to 9
Box 254 Folder 10
Box 254 Folder 12
Box 254 Folder 13 to 14
Box 254 Folder 15
Box 255 Folder 1 to 7
Box 255 Folder 8 to 9
Box 255 Folder 10
Box 255 Folder 11
Box 256 Folder 1 to 9
Box 256 Folder 10
Box 256 Folder 11
Box 256 Folder 12 to 15
Box 257
Box 258
Box 259 Folder 1 to 2
Box 259 Folder 3 to 5
Box 259 Folder 6 to 10
Box 259 Folder 11
Box 259 Folder 12 to 13
Box 260 Folder 1 to 6
Box 260 Folder 7 to 11
Box 260 Folder 12 to 13
Box 260 Folder 14
Box 261 Folder 1
Box 261 Folder 2 to 4
Box 261 Folder 5
Box 261 Folder 6
Box 261 Folder 7
Box 261 Folder 8 to 11
Box 261 Folder 12
Box 261 Folder 13
Box 261 Folder 14
Box 261 Folder 15 to 17
Box 262 Folder 1
Box 262 Folder 2
Box 262 Folder 3
Box 262 Folder 4
Box 262 Folder 5 to 8
Box 262 Folder 9
Box 262 Folder 10 to 14
Box 262 Folder 15
Box 263 Folder 1
Box 263 Folder 2
Box 263 Folder 3
Box 263 Folder 4 to 6
Box 263 Folder 7 to 9
Box 263 Folder 10 to 14
Box 264 Folder 1
Box 264 Folder 2 to 5
Box 264 Folder 6 to 10
Box 264 Folder 11
Box 264 Folder 12
Box 264 Folder 13 to 14
Box 264 Folder 15
Box 264
Box 265
Box 265 Folder 1
Box 265 Folder 2 to 4
Box 265 Folder 5 to 7
Box 265 Folder 8
Box 265 Folder 9 to 10
Box 266 Folder 1 to 3
Box 266 Folder 4
Box 266 Folder 5 to 6
Box 266 Folder 7
Box 266 Folder 8 to 10
Box 266 Folder 11
Box 266 Folder 12 to 14
Box 267 Folder 1
Box 267 Folder 2
Box 267 Folder 3
Box 267 Folder 4 to 8
Box 267 Folder 9
Box 267 Folder 10
Box 267 Folder 11
Box 267 Folder 12 to 13
Box 267 Folder 14
Box 267 Folder 15 to 16
Box 267 Folder 17
Box 268 Folder 1 to 11
Box 268 Folder 12
Box 268 Folder 13 to 14
Box 269 Folder 1
Box 269 Folder 2 to 15
Box 270 Folder 1 to 7
Box 270 Folder 8 to 15
Box 271 Folder 1 to 10
Box 271 Folder 11 to 13
Box 271 Folder 14 to 15
Box 272 Folder 1 to 7
Box 272 Folder 8 to 11
Box 272 Folder 12 to 13
Box 273 Folder 1 to 6
Box 273 Folder 7 to 9
Box 273 Folder 10
Box 273 Folder 11 to 15
Box 274 Folder 1
Box 274 Folder 2 to 12
Box 274 Folder 13
Box 275 Folder 1 to 2
Box 275 Folder 3
Box 275 Folder 4 to 5
Box 275 Folder 6 to 8
Box 275 Folder 9 to 10
Box 275 Folder 11
Box 275 Folder 12
Box 275 Folder 13