Rare Book and Manuscript Library
Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter records
Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter (U.S.)
4078778
MS#0444
English
/repositories/2/resources/5214
7.5 linear feet
16 manuscript boxes
1944-1946, 1983
1944-1946
Restrictions on Access
This collection is located off-site. You will need to request this material at least three business days in advance to use the collection in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library reading room.
Restrictions on Access
This collection has no restrictions.
Accruals
Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. Contact rbml@columbia.edu for more information.
Immediate Source of Acquisition
Source of acquisition--Marks, Edward B., Jr., Refugee Program Officer. Method of acquisition--Gift; Date of acquisition--1946. Accession number--M-46.
Arrangement
Arranged.
Biographical / Historical
The Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter was established by the War Refugee Board in Oswego, NY, per President Franklin D. Roosevelt's memorandum dated June 8, 1944. The shelter housed nearly 1,000 refugees, the vast majority of whom were European Jews fleeing the Holocaust. The shelter was closed in February 1946. Today the site is known as the Safe Haven Holocaust Refugee Shelter Museum.
Preferred Citation
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter records; Box and Folder; Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University Library.
Processing Information
Cataloged Christina Hilton Fenn 06/--/1989.
In spring 2025, Relly Robinson (BC '25) reviewed the collection and added extensive description, including individual photo titles and lists of names that appear in the documents. The latter in particular will be helfpul for genealogical researchers. In fall 2025, Kevin Schlottmann improved the top-level description and ingested the new description and imposed a light series arrangement.
Summary
Records consisting of official reports, manuals, correspondence, various processed releases, clippings, photographs, and other printed materials. The files document the origin, development, operation, and closure of the shelter.
Terms Governing Use and Reproduction
Reproductions may be made for research purposes. The RBML maintains ownership of the physical material only. Copyright remains with the creator and his/her heirs. The responsibility to secure copyright permission rests with the patron.
Related Materials
Records relating to the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter can be found at the National Archives and Records Administration (210.3.5 Records of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter), the American Jewish Historical Society and Center for Jewish History (Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter Collection and Arthur Lehmann Correspondence), and in a series of oral histories held at the State University of New York at Oswego, Penfield Library, Archives and Special Collections.
World War, 1939-1945 -- Refugees
World War, 1939-1945 -- United States
Refugees -- Government policy -- New York (State) -- Oswego
Photographic prints
Jewish refugees
Fort Ontario State Historic Site (Oswego, N.Y.)
United States. War Relocation Authority
Series I: Photographs/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670641. Stilt race at lawn festival held in Old Fort Ontario by resident of Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767228132. Fort Ontario Construction Area/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767229133. [Women walking]/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767230134. [Men at a table]/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767231135. Chapel/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767232136. Officers Recreation Building./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767233January 8, 1941137. Mess halls 181 to 184./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767234138. Building 204, Commanding Officer Quarters./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767235January 8, 1941139. Building 214. Fort Ontario N.Y. Direction of exposure: Southeast. Administration Building Type A-12./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767236September 5, 19411310. Service house, service club./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672371311. EM Barracks./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767238January 8, 19411312. Two Storehouses SH-18 joined together making one Warehouse. Warehouse #208./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767239January 8, 19411313. Theater TH-2./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767240January 8, 19411314. On transport to America./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767241194411OA12584-1. ? Camp, Casablanca, North Africa./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767242194413OA12584-2. ? Camp, Casablanca, North Africa./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767243194413OA12584-3. On transport to America/repositories/2/archival_objects/176724419441315. [Ship]/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767245194413OA12584-4. On transport to America/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767246194413OA12584-5. On transport to America/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767247194413OA12584-6. [Children]/repositories/2/archival_objects/176724813OA12584-7. On transport to America/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767249194413100. Construction of Temporary Building; Fort Ontario, N.Y. Taken from roadway in front of Bldg. # 104. Direction of the exposure: North. Enlisted Men's Barracks./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767250January 15, 1941. 11:30 A.M.13100 (2). Mess hall-new style./repositories/2/archival_objects/176725113104. Guard house GH-2./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767252January 15, 1941. 12:15 PM.131727-2. SAFE FOR THE DURATION- A group of older men and women among the 982 refugees from Nazi-occupied countries who have found refuge for the duration of the war at the War Relocation Authority emergency shelter at Ft. Ontario, Oswego, N.Y. This photograph was taken aboard the Army transport which brought them to this country, following arrival at the ship at NYPE on 4 Aug 44. The refugees were selected from the 36,000 that now jam Allied camps in Italy./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767253August 29, 1944131727-3. Hello America! Some of the younger women among the 982 refugees from Nazi-occupied European countries, photographed aboard the Army transport which brought them to this country, following arrival at the NYPE on 4 Aug 44. Comprising nationals of 19 countries, the refugees are now quartered at the War Relocation Authority emergency shelter at Ft. Ontario, Oswego, N.Y., for the duration of the war./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767254August 2, 1944131727-4. YOUNGEST PASSENGER- Harry Maurer, 24 days old, with his mother, Mrs. Olga Maurer, 42, a Czech, upon their arrival at NYPE with other European refugees bound for the War Relocation Authority emergency shelter at Ft. Ontario, Oswego, N.Y. The child was born on an American truck that was taking its mother to the camp in Italy where the refugees were assembled for the trip to the United States, 4 Aug 44./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767255August 29, 1944131727-5. DOCTORS GET TOGETHER- Two Physicians and their wives, among the 982 European refugees who arrived at NYPE on 4 Aug 44, en route for the War Relocation Authority emergency shelter at Ft. Ontario, Oswego, N.Y. Seated, Dr. Rafael Margulis, 59, former lieutenant-colonel in the Yugoslav Medical Corps, and his wife, Mrs. Olga Margulis; standing, Dr. Avram Ravager, 32, and his wife, Zdenka, 19, whom he married three months ago in Italy, where both had fled from Yugoslavia./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767256August 29, 1944131727-6. HER HUSBAND FIGHTS THE NAZIS- Mrs. Frances Mrduljas, 31, whose husband is fighting with the Partisans in Yugoslavia, is shown upon arrival at NYPE with her three children, Maria, 5 months old; Ivo, 11, and Joe, 13. They are among the 982 European refugees now at the War Relocation Authority emergency shelter at Ft. Ontario, Oswego, N.Y./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767257August 29, 1944131727-8. OUT OF BONDAGE- Mrs. Regine Gal, 35, whose husband is believed to be in a German concentration camp, is shown arriving at NYPE with her two children, Charlotte, 9, and Albert, 7. They were among the 982 European refugees bound for the War Relocation Authority emergency shelter at Ft. Ontario, Owego, N.Y. Mrs. Gal wears the yellow Star of David which she, as a Jew, was compelled to wear in Nazi-occupied France. She has no word from her husband, Isaac, 37, since he was seized by the Nazis in Paris and taken to a concentration camp./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767258August 29, 1944131727-9. "ALL OUR WORLDLY GOODS"-Lined up on a North River pier is the baggage of 982 refugees from Nazi-occupied European countries who arrived at NYPE on 4 Aug 44 en route to the War Relocation Authority emergency shelter at Ft. Ontario, Oswego, N.Y. Several baby carriages may be seen in the foreground. Thirty-three of the passengers were under 5 years of age, and 20 were one year or less./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767259August 29, 1944131727-12. NOW FOR A BATH- This mother and child, on their way to the showers at a North River pier, were among the 982 European refugees who arrived at NYPE on 4 Aug 44 bound for the War Relocation Authority emergency shelter at Ft. Ontario, Oswego, N.Y. In the background are two Port Wacs who aided the women refugees in the clean-up process./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767260August 29, 1944131727-16. MILK FOR BABY- Andre, 13 months old, with his mother, Mrs. Suzanne Waxman, 32, of Antwerp, Belgium, and Mrs. Stephen Stroock of New York City, Red Cross worker, following arrival at NYPE of Emergency refugees bound for the War Relocation Authority emergency shelter at Ft. Ontario, Oswego, N.Y. "Andre needs a haircut," his mother said, 4 Aug 44./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767261August 29, 1944131727-18. STRIKE UP THE BAND- An Army band plays as the refugees from Nazi-occupied European countries, following arrival at NYPE on 4 Aug 44, are assembled in harbor boats for transfer to the emergency shelter at Ft. Ontario, Oswego, N.Y./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767262August 29, 1944131727-19. GUERILLA FIGHTER-Miss Edit Somjen, 21, of Zagreb, Yugoslavia, wore the uniform of Tito's Partisans when she fought the Germans in Yugoslavia. Captured by the Nazis, who killed her father and brother, she later was freed by the Partisans and escaped to Italy with her mother. She was among the 982 European refugees who arrived at NYPE on 4 Aug 44 en route to the emergency shelter at FT Ontario, Oswego, N.Y./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767263August 29, 1944131727-20. FORMER FILM EXECUTIVE AMONG WAR REFUGEES- Carl Selan of Zagreb, Yugoslavia, for 11 years general manager of 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation in Yugoslavia, with his mother, Mrs. Serafina Selan, 67; his wife, Lotta, and their two children, edna, 6, and Mira, 4, await transfer to emergency shelter at Ft. Ontario, Oswego, N.Y., following arrival at NYPE on 4 Aug 44./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767264August 29, 19441332434. United Nations heroes saluting the American flag at the Flag day ceremonies during the United Nations week./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672651332438. United nations heroes marching on Flag Day in parade along Bridge St. decorated with United Nations seals./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672661332725. United nations heroes entering Chapel at Ft. Ontario./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672671332725-D. Workers in the Columbia mills listening to speeches by the United Nations during United Nations work./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672681334491. A citizen working Sunday morning in the Victory garden he has made on the edge of the street./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672691334528. Oswegans leaving the Episcopal church on Sunday morning./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672701334547. Scene on First St./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672711334557. Main shopping center at the corner of Bridge and First Sts./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672721334561. Park./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672731334562. The town hall and bank on First Street./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672741334564. A home./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672751334565. A home in the Polish section/repositories/2/archival_objects/17672761334566. Park./repositories/2/archival_objects/17672771334574. [River]/repositories/2/archival_objects/176727813K-18. Sack race at lawn festival held by residents of Emergency Refugee Shelter, War Relocation Authority, Oswego, New York./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767279June 194513K-21. Pillow fight at lawn festival held by residents of Emergency Refugee Shelter, War relocation Authority, Oswego, New York./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767280June 194513K-59. Scene from puppet show of "Snow White," put on by Shelter children./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767281August 194513K-87. Children doing bookbinding and painting, and working in leather, clay, and wood at the Shelter Arts and Crafts room. Miss Betty Bowen is the instructor./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767282November 194513K-93. Boys doing leather work at the Shelter Arts and Crafts Room/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767283November 1, 194513K-94. Girls modelling clay at the Arts and Crafts room of the Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767284November 1, 194513K-95. Shelter children decorating glass bowl with ornamental shellwork./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767285November 1, 194513K-97. Shelter children making paper flowers in the Arts and Crafts room./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767286November 1, 194513K-98. Shelter youth modelling a head in clay at the Shelter Arts and Crafts room./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767287November 1, 194513Z-9. View of the hospital./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767288August 5, 194411Z-10 . Marc. L. Campbell, Chief of Internal Security./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767289August 5, 194411Z-11. Unloading refugee baggage at Fort Ontario, Oswego, New York./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767290August 5, 194411Z-12. Harold James, Executive Assistant./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767291August 5, 194411Z-13. Joseph Smart is shown with Ralph Stauber, who went to Europe to meet the refugees and returned on the ship with them./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767292August 5, 194411Z-14. Mess hall workers are pictured mopping the floor in preparation for the opening of the mess hall at Fort Ontario./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767293August 5, 194411Z-15. Mess hall workers are pictured mopping the floor in preparation for the opening of the mess hall at Fort Ontario./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767294August 5, 194411Z-16. Director Joseph H. Smart is shown with Harold James, Executive Assistant./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767295August 5, 194411Z-17. General meeting of personnel of Fort Ontario with the Director, Joseph H. Smart./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767296August 5, 194411Z-18. Child/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767297August 1, 194411Z-19. After getting off the train, each arrival is checked in at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter by representatives of the WRA and of the Army./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767298August 1, 194411Z-20. After getting off the train, each arrival is checked in at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter by representatives of the WRA and of the Army./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767299August 1, 194411Z-21. After getting off the train, each arrival is checked in at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter by representatives of the WRA and of the Army./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767300August 1, 194411Z-22. After getting off the train, each arrival is checked in at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter by representatives of the WRA and of the Army./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767301August 1, 194411Z-23. After getting off the train, each arrival is checked in at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter by representatives of the WRA and of the Army./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767302August 1, 194411Z-24. After getting off the train, each arrival is checked in at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter by representatives of the WRA and of the Army./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767303August 1, 194411Z-25. After getting off the train, each arrival is checked in at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter by representatives of the WRA and of the Army./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767304August 1, 194411Z-27. After getting off the train, each arrival is checked in at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter by representatives of the WRA and of the Army./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767305August 1, 194411Z-28. After getting off the train, each arrival is checked in at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter by representatives of the WRA and of the Army./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767306August 1, 194411Z-29. After getting off the train, each arrival is checked in at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter by representatives of the WRA and of the Army./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767307August 1, 194411Z-30. Upon arrival at Fort Ontario, August 5, 1944, refugees declare their scanty possessions for the Custom's inception./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767308August 1, 194411Z-31. Upon arrival at Fort Ontario, August 5, 1944, refugees declare their scanty possessions for the Custom's inception./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767309August 1, 194411Z-32. An interpreter from the National Refugee Service, Abraham Schuman, is able to talk with some of the new arrivals at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767310August 1, 194411Z-33. The ill are being transferred by the Army Medics to the hospital at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Center. Out of the entire group of refugees there were only 12 stretcher cases. All the ill or aged were taken by the Pullman from the ship to Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767311August 1, 194411Z-34. The ill are being transferred by the Army Medics to the hospital at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Center. Out of the entire group of refugees there were only 12 stretcher cases. All the ill or aged were taken by the Pullman from the ship to Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767312August 1, 194411Z-35. Joseph Krycler discusses his problems with Marc Campbell, Chief of Internal Security and Bruriah Szapirah, interpreter, upon arrival at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767313August 1, 194411Z-36. Helen Collins and Lloyd Webb of the Washington office check the spelling of names to be stencilled on each refugee apartment at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767314August 1, 194411Z-37. Bruriah Szapirah, interpreter, locks up some information for one of the newly arrived refugees at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767315August 1, 194411Z-38. Two new arrivals at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter compare notes./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767316August 1, 194411Z-39. Among the 214 children arriving with the refugee group at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter is Elfrieda Strauber, age 12, who came with her parents and younger brother./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767317August 1, 194411Z-40. A typical room for a single person at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. All the single persons are housed in dormitories while families are assigned to apartments./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767318August 1, 194411Z-41. As the refugees got off the train at the entrance to Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, they were checked in by name before proceeding to the dining halls for the first meal in their new home./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767319August 1, 194411Z-42. As the refugees got off the train at the entrance to Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, they were checked in by name before proceeding to the dining halls for the first meal in their new home./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767320August 1, 194411Z-43. As the refugees got off the train at the entrance to Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, they were checked in by name before proceeding to the dining halls for the first meal in their new home./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767321August194411Z-44. As the refugees got off the train at the entrance to Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, they were checked in by name before proceeding to the dining halls for the first meal in their new home./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767322August194411Z-45. As the refugees got off the train at the entrance to Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, they were checked in by name before proceeding to the dining halls for the first meal in their new home./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767323August194411Z-46. As the refugees got off the train at the entrance to Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, they were checked in by name before proceeding to the dining halls for the first meal in their new home./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767324August194411Z-47. As the refugees got off the train at the entrance to Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, they were checked in by name before proceeding to the dining halls for the first meal in their new home./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767325August194411Z-48. The group on interpreter social workers who were loaned to the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter by several social agencies to help in the initial period of adjustment. Left to right: Bruriah Szapirah (permanent staff member), A. kaufman (National Council of Jewish Women), Dr. Philip Schlesinger (Jugoslav Red Cross), Friedl Reifer (Unitarian Service Committee), Abraham Schuman (National Refugee Service), Eugenie Taussig (National Refugee Service), Louis Brandeis (National Refugee Service), M. Wiedenreich (American Committee for Christian Refugees)./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767326August194411Z-49. A group of refugees talking together after their arrival at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767327August194411Z-50. A group of refugees talking together after their arrival at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767328August194411Z-51. Preliminary meeting of some of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter personnel the day before the arrival of the refugees./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767329August194411Z-52. Preliminary meeting of some of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter personnel the day before the arrival of the refugees./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767330August194411Z-53. A mother and her small child check in at the gate upon arrival by train at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767331August194411Z-54. A refugee upon arrival at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767332August194411Z-55. A refugee upon arrival at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767333August194411Z-56. Fred Flatau was one of the 214 children to arrive at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. With him were his twin brother, Rolf, and his mother and father./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767334August194411Z-57. This miscellaneous assortment of baggage represents the entire worldly possessions of the refugees arriving at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767335August 1, 194411Z-58. Helen Collins, Records Management Head, Fern French, Statistical Head, and Inez Mercer, of the Project Employment Section, all from the Washington WRA office, detailed to the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter to assist with the arrival of the refugees./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767336August 1, 194411Z-59. Fern French, Statistical Head, and Helen Collins, both from the Washington WRA office, detailed to the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter to assist with the arrival of the refugees./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767337August 1, 194411Z-60. At the entrance gate of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, each car and visitor is carefully checked by the Internal Security Guard. Aside from those assisting in the arrival of the refugees and representatives of the press and news reels, no visitors will be allowed before September 1./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767338August 1, 194411Z-61. Refugees gaze from the windows of the train at their new home, the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767339August 1, 194411Z-62. Many representatives of the press and newsreel companies were on hand when the refugee train pulled in at the entrance of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767340August194411Z-63. Residential quarters for personnel at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767341August194411Z-64. Serving refreshments at the Reception held on Sunday, August 6, on the parade ground of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Officials of the WRA and representatives of the town of Oswego were present in addition to the refugees./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767342August194411Z-65. Serving refreshments at the Reception held on Sunday, August 6, on the parade ground of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Officials of the WRA and representatives of the town of Oswego were present in addition to the refugees./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767343August194411Z-66. Serving refreshments at the Reception held on Sunday, August 6, on the parade ground of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Officials of the WRA and representatives of the town of Oswego were present in addition to the refugees./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767344August194411Z-67. Serving refreshments at the Reception held on Sunday, August 6, on the parade ground of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Officials of the WRA and representatives of the town of Oswego were present in addition to the refugees./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767345August194411Z-68. Dr. J. Levy expresses thanks on behalf of the refugees at the Reception held at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter for the newly arrived refugees, officials of the WRA and representatives of the town of Oswego./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767346August194411Z-69. Father J.J. Davern of St, Joseph's Church as Oswego pronouncing the invocation at the Reception held at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter the day after the refugees' arrival./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767347August194411Z-70. A group of refugees attending the reception held for them and for officials of WRA and representatives of Oswego./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767348August194411Z-71. Jacob Wachsmann and his son Andrea, two of the refugees newly arrived at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767349August194411Z-72. The chapel at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter where services of all denominations will be held./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767350August194411Z-73. The chapel at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter where services of all denominations will be held./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767351August194411Z-74. The chapel at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter where services of all denominations will be held./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767352August194411Z-75. Dillon S. Meyer, Director of the War Relocation Authority, addressing refugees, representatives of Oswego, and officials of WRA at a reception held at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767353August194411Z-76. Mr. and Mrs. Flatau, and their twin sons, Fred and Rolf, arrive at the Fort Ontario Emergency refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767354August194411Z-77. Dillon S. Myer, Director of WRA, Joseph H. Smart, Director of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, and Ralph Stauber, Chief of the Relocation Planning Division of the WRA, who went to Europe to meet the refugees, are present when the refugees check in at the gate of the Shelter after getting off the train which brought them to Oswego from the ship./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767355August194411Z-78. Among the refugees arriving at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter were only 12 stretcher cases. These were taken immediately to the Shelter's hospital along with other ill arrivals. The hospital will be staffed with WRA personnel and as many of the refugees as have been trained for medical work./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767356August194411Z-79. Betty Kimbal, registered nurse, preparing surgical instruments at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, prior to the arrival of the refugees./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767357August194411Z-80. A WAC M.P. is on hand when the refugees arrive at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Here she is helping some of the younger ones locate their parents./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767358August194411Z-81. All refugee luggage is carefully inspected by U.S. Customs upon the arrival of the group at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767359August194411Z-82. All refugee luggage is carefully inspected by U.S. Customs upon the arrival of the group at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767360August194411Z-84. Refugees being served, cafeteria style, at their first meal upon arrival at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Present plans include meals to be served at community dining halls and will include Kosher as well as regular food. The approximate cost of the meals to WRA will be 43 and a half cents per day per person. Cooks and kitchen helpers are being recruited from among the refugees themselves./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767361August194411Z-85. Mother and baby, new arrivals at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767362August194411Z-86. Mr. Abraham Schuman of the National Refugee Service helps out as an interpreter for the refugees when they arrive at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767363August194411Z-87. Refugees newly arrived at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter enjoy their first meal at the Shelter, served cafeteria style in community dining halls. A Kosher as well as regular kitchen will be set up and cooking and kitchen work will be handled by the refugees themselves. While this dining arrangement holds, meals will cost approximately 43 and a half cents per day per person./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767364August194411Z-88. One of the 214 children to arrive at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter immediately starts to work building a boat./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767365August194411Z-89. The Mayor of Oswego, Joseph McCaffrey, welcomes the refugee in a brief talk at the reception held at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter for the refugees, officials of the WRA and representatives of the town of Oswego./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767366August194411Z-90. Miss Kaufman of the National Council of Jewish Women helps a family, newly arrived at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, to find the community dining hall./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767367August194411Z-91. Several of the men, newly arrived at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, relax on the doorstep of their new home./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767368August194411Z-92. A mother and her three children relax before their new homes after arriving at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767369August194411Z-93. View of the barracks where refugees are being housed at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Some of these barracks are divided into family size apartments, all with running water, and others contain dormitories./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767370August194411Z-94. View of the barracks where refugees are being housed at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Some of these barracks are divided into family size apartments, all with running water, and others contain dormitories./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767371August194411Z-95. View of the barracks where refugees are being housed at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Some of these barracks are divided into family size apartments, all with running water, and others contain dormitories./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767372August194411Z-96. View of the barracks where refugees are being housed at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Some of these barracks are divided into family size apartments, all with running water, and others contain dormitories./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767373August194411Z-97. View of the barracks where refugees are being housed at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Some of these barracks are divided into family size apartments, all with running water, and others contain dormitories./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767374August194411Z-98. View of the barracks where refugees are being housed at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Some of these barracks are divided into family size apartments, all with running water, and others contain dormitories./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767375August194411Z-99. View of the barracks where refugees are being housed at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Some of these barracks are divided into family size apartments, all with running water, and others contain dormitories./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767376August194411Z-100. View of the barracks where refugees are being housed at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Some of these barracks are divided into family size apartments, all with running water, and others contain dormitories./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767377August194411Z-101. View of the barracks where refugees are being housed at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Some of these barracks are divided into family size apartments, all with running water, and others contain dormitories./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767378August194412Z-102. View of the barracks where refugees are being housed at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Some of these barracks are divided into family size apartments, all with running water, and others contain dormitories./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767379August194412Z-104. Joseph H. Smart, Director of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767380August194412Z-105. Joseph H. Smart, Director of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767381August194412Z-106. A mother and her two children after their arrival at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767382August194412Z107. Among the 214 children arriving at the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter are the twins, Fred and Rolf Flatau./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767383August194412Z-108. The Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter includes a well-equipped hospital, to be staffed by WRA and refugee doctors./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767384August194412Z-109. Joseph H. Smart, Director of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, and Ralph Stauber, Chief of the Relocation Planning Division of the WRA. Mr. Stauber went to Europe and accompanied the refugees back to this country./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767385August194412Z-110. Harold James, Executive Assistant, and Joseph H. Smart, Director of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767386August194412Z-112. View of the barracks where refugees are being housed at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Some of these barracks are divided into family size apartments, all with running water, and others contain dormitories./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767387August194412Z-111. View of the barracks where refugees are being housed at Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Some of these barracks are divided into family size apartments, all with running water, and others contain dormitories. In the background Lake Ontario may be seen./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767388August194412Z-113. Edward Huberman who is handling Community Activities work at the Ft. Ontario Emergency refugee Shelter examines a tricycle at an exhibition of arts and crafts work done by Shelter residents. The exhibit was visited by the Shelter residents and by many persons from Oswego. Included in the exhibition are paintings, photographs, embroidery, crocheted and knitted articles, leather work, cosmetics, and work done in machine, sewing, and carpentry classes, and work done in Oswego schools by Shelter children./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767389May194512Z-114. Joseph Smart, Director of the Ft. Ontario Refugee Shelter, with a head of himself done by Miriam Sommerburg, on display at the exhibition of arts and crafts work done by Shelter residents. Mrs. Sommerburg, an artist, has been working in a number of different mediums since she's been at the Shelter, doing some sculpture, watercolors, and woodcuts, with which she has developed her own method of using color. Four of Mrs. Sommerburg's children, all artistic, are also at the Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767390May194512Z-115. Joseph Smart, Director of the Ft. Ontario Refugee Shelter examines a model room made by one of the children at the Shelter, and on display at an exhibition of arts and crafts work done by the Shelter residents. Included in the exhibition are paintings, photographs, embroidery, crocheted and knitted articles, leather work, cosmetics, and articles made in machine, sewing, and carpentry classes, and work done in Oswego schools by Shelter children./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767391May194512Z-116. Miriam Sommerburg shows some of her work, a head of Joseph Smart, Director of Ft. Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, to Mrs. David Lieben, a resident of the Shelter, and her son who is in the U.S. Army. Mrs. Sommerburg's sculpture, watercolors, and woodcuts are on display at an exhibition of arts and crafts work done by Shelter residents. Included in the exhibition are paintings, photographs, embroidery, crocheted and knitted articles, leather work, cosmetics, and articles made in machine, sewing, and carpentry classes, and work done in Oswego schools by Shelter children./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767392May194512Z-117. Shelter residents examine some of the work done by children at an exhibition of arts and crafts done at Ft. Ontario. Included in the exhibition are paintings, photographs, embroidery, crocheted and knitted articles, leather work, cosmetics, and articles made in machine, sewing, and carpentry classes, and work done in Oswego schools by Shelter children./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767393May194512Z-118. Mrs. Moritz Ehrenstamm points out some of the work done by the residents at an exhibition of arts and crafts put on by the residents of the Ft. Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. The exhibition, which was organized and arranged in the Shelter playhouse by Mrs. Ehrenstamm, includes paintings, photographs, embroidery, crocheted and knitted articles, leather work, cosmetics, and articles made in machine, sewing, and carpentry classes, and work done in Oswego schools by Shelter children./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767394May194512Z-119. Joseph Smart, Director of the Ft. Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, with a picture of his daughter done by one of the Shelter residents. The picture was on display at an exhibition of Shelter arts and crafts work./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767395May194512Z-120. Lube Chernitsa with her display of artwork and furniture at the exhibition of Shelter residents' work held at Ft. Ontario. Miss Chernitza, a Russian, has been working in the woodworking shop at the Shelter learning carpentry and, as her regular Shelter job, works on rotation in one of the mess hall kitchens. She has a brother living on Nantucket Island, Mass./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767396May194512Z-121. At the exhibition of arts and crafts work done by the Shelter residents, one of the exhibitors, Miss Marcy Neumann, points out of her crocheted handiwork./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767397May194512Z-122. In the machine shop, Shelter residents are learning to do repair work for the Shelter and to make tools, electrical equipment, and various metal objects. Twenty-four residents are enrolled in classes held twice daily by Mr. Leo Coy. In addition to machine work, the students have been working on automobile engines. Although they are all new at this work, they have been very much interested in working on a 1935 Plymouth and a Model A Ford, putting both engines in first class condition./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767398May194512Z-123. In the machine shop, Shelter residents are learning to do repair work for the Shelter and to make tools, electrical equipment, and various metal objects. Twenty-four residents are enrolled in classes held twice daily by Mr. Leo Coy. In addition to machine work, the students have been working on automobile engines. Although they are all new at this work, they have been very much interested in working on a 1935 Plymouth and a Model A Ford, putting both engines in first class condition./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767399May194512Z-124. Members of the Shelter sewing class learning to use patterns. Four sewing classes of about eighteen persons each are held each day by Miss Helen O'Brien. Students learn all steps in sewing and have made all types of garments, including dresses, suits and underwear./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767400May194512Z-125. Members of the Shelter sewing class learning to use patterns. Four sewing classes of about eighteen persons each are held each day by Miss Helen O'Brien. Students learn all steps in sewing and have made all types of garments, including dresses, suits and underwear./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767401May194512Z-126. Members of the Shelter sewing class learning to use patterns. Four sewing classes of about eighteen persons each are held each day by Miss Helen O'Brien. Students learn all steps in sewing and have made all types of garments, including dresses, suits and underwear./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767402May194512Z-127. In the Shelter carpentry shop, one of the residents finishes up a cabinet which he has been making./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767403May194512Z-128. Shelter residents make many different articles in the carpentry shop at Ft. Ontario, including children's toys, cabinets, boats, easels for art classes./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767404May194512Z-129. Shelter residents make many different articles in the carpentry shop at Ft. Ontario, including children's toys, cabinets, boats, easels for art classes./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767405May194512Z-130. English classes at the Shelter are extremely popular since residents feel it makes them more a part of this country if they speak the language. About 375 people are enrolled in 4 grades and a special speech and dramatics class. A weekly discussion group using films, which is planned, will be of assistance in giving residents a chance to use their English./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767406May194512Z-132. The Labor office handles all Shelter jobs, assigning to residents the work which must be carried on to maintain the Shelter such as mess hall operation, office work, care of the grounds, handling coal and garbage, etc. At present approximately 250 Shelter residents have jobs, paying $18 per month for full time, $9 half time. Shown in the Labor office are, from left to right, Ludwig Feldman, Ernest Goldstein and Julius Gruber, with Leopold Green being interviewed for a job./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767407May194512Z-134. A scene in the orthodox synagogue./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767408May194512Z-135. The Rabbi and other members of the orthodox synagogue standing before the altar in the barrack which has been made into a synagogue./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767409May194512Z-136. Patients waiting in the medical clinic. The Shelter Hospital and clinic are staffed with one appointed chief medical officer and five refugee doctors and two dentists./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767410May194512Z-137. Dr. Hugo Graner, an Austrian, examines a patient at the Shelter clinic. Assisting him is Vesna Chulich, an aide at the clinic. The clinic, open every morning, handles about 500 patients a month.The Shelter hospital, serviced by an appointed chief medical officer, five refugee doctors and two dentists, and five appointed nurses, performs the usual run of operations and usually has about 13 patients. Some of the Shelter residents are at present taking a Nurse's Aide course in order to be able to assist in clinic and hospital work as Miss Chulich is doing. Dr Graner's wife and children live in New York City./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767411May194512Z-138. Students of a nurses' aide class learn how to make a hospital bed. A Nurse's aide class is held at the Shelter by Ann Rontal, the appointed chief nurse. The course is given primarily to train Shelter residents for work in the hospital and to assist in home nursing or nursery school health check-ups. At present there are thirteen people taking the 2 month course, including two men./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767412May194512Z-140. Two Shelter residents visit the Shelter pharmacy to have prescriptions filled by George Lederer and Joseph Levitch (foreground) pharmacists. Mr. Levitch formerly had his own pharmacy in Yugoslavia, and is at the Shelter with his wife and three children. Mr. Lederer, who describes himself as "formerly German," here with his wife, also had his own pharmacy, and spent some time in the notorious Buchenwald camp./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767413May194512Z-141. One of the popular activities at the Shelter is the Lonesome Club, a social club for single elderly people. It meets every Wednesday for an afternoon of talk, music, and refreshments. Here a group of (illegible) chat together over their coffee in the service club building./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767414May194512Z-142. One of the popular activities at the Shelter is the Lonesome Club, a social club for single elderly people. It meets every Wednesday for an afternoon of talk, music, and refreshments. Here a group of (illegible) chat together over their coffee in the service club building./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767415May194512Z-143. One of the popular activities at the Shelter is the Lonesome Club, a social club for single elderly people. It meets every Wednesday for an afternoon of talk, music, and refreshments. Here a group of (illegible) chat together over their coffee in the service club building./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767416May194512Z-144. The Shelter orchestra provides a great deal of enjoyment for the residents both in its evening concerts and it's more informal afternoon performance, like this one in the service club, a large recreation room used by the residents. The orchestra is composed of 12 Shelter residents, including the conductor and composer, Charles Abeles. It rehearses three times a week and usually gives a number of evening concerts a month. In addition to his composing, Mr. Abeles also gives some lessons to Shelter residents./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767417May194512Z-145. The Shelter orchestra provides a great deal of enjoyment for the residents both in its evening concerts and it's more informal afternoon performance, like this one in the service club, a large recreation room used by the residents. The orchestra is composed of 12 Shelter residents, including the conductor and composer, Charles Abeles. It rehearses three times a week and usually gives a number of evening concerts a month. In addition to his composing, Mr. Abeles also gives some lessons to Shelter residents./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767418May194512Z-146. The Shelter store sells a simple selection of canned and packaged foods, light wines and beer, toilet articles, ice cream, etc./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767419May194512Z-147. Dr. Arthur Ernst, editor-in-chief of the "Ontario Chronicle," at his desk in the newspaper office at the Shelter. The Chronicle, published every Friday by and for Shelter residents, contains news of Shelter activities, coming events, cartoons, and editorials./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767420May194512Z-148. The staff of "The Ontario Chronicle," weekly paper published by Shelter residents, relax around the stove in the newspaper office. The paper, which comes out every Friday, contains news of Shelter activities, coming events, cartoons, editorials. From left to right, Dr. Arthur Ernst, editor-in-chief,; Dr. Edmund Landau, associate editor; Richard Zuckerbacker. Standing, Richard Gutman and Ernest Dirnbach, associate editor./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767421May194512Z-149. A weekly paper, "The Ontario chronicle," is published by Shelter residents, appears every Friday. It contains news of Shelter activities, coming events, cartoons, editorials. Here the associate editor, Edmund Landay (Left) formerly a well-known newspaper correspondent for a Viennese paper, works with Richard Zuckerbacker in running the mimeograph machine./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767422May194512Z-150. Shelter residents listening to a speech by Joseph Smart, Director of Ft. Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, in the movie theater./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767423May194512Z-151. Joseph Smart, Director of the Shelter, speaks to the residents assembled in the movie theater, announcing to them his resignation. As he speaks, his talk is translated into German and Yugoslav by his official interpreter, Fredi Baum./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767424May194512Z-152. Among the activities of the young people at the Shelter is a theatrical group, presenting plays in English. Here is a rehearsal in progress with Mr. Edward Huberman, acting Community Activities director, making some suggestions to the actors taking part in "Suppressed Desires" by Susan Glaspell./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767425May194512Z-153. A rehearsal for a one act play to be presented by Shelter residents. Among the activities at Ft. Ontario is a theater group under the leadership of Otto Presser, a director for 25 years in Europe; assisted by Paul Wallenstein and Leo Mirkovich. The group is made up chiefly of amateurs but includes several professional actors and opera singers. They present a new play every two weeks, usually in German or Yugoslav, including such one act plays as "Anatole's Wedding Morning" by Sohnitzler and "In Eternity Amen" by Willgens. In addition to one act plays they have also put on several peras and a musical revenue./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767426May194512Z-154. A rehearsal for a one act play to be presented by Shelter residents. Among the activities at Ft. Ontario is a theater group under the leadership of Otto Presser, a director for 25 years in Europe; assisted by Paul Wallenstein and Leo Mirkovich. The group is made up chiefly of amateurs but includes several professional actors and opera singers. They present a new play every two weeks, usually in German or Yugoslav, including such one act plays as "Anatole's Wedding Morning" by Sohnitzler and "In Eternity Amen" by Willgens. In addition to one act plays they have also put on several peras and a musical revenue./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767427May194512Z-155. Shelter residents call for their clothes at the cleaning shop at the Fort, in charge of Recha Rappel. Cleaning and pressing is not done at the Shelter but in Oswego at regular cleaning establishments, garments from the Shelter called for and delivered weekly./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767428May194512Z-156. Shelter residents check out with the security officer at the gate house on Ft. Ontario. Residents are allowed to go to Oswego at any time during the day but may not stay away from the Shelter overnight./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767429May194512Z-157. 16mm. sound entertainment movies provided by the National Refugee Services are shown twice or three times a week in the Shelter movie theater./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767430May194512Z-158. A Shelter resident takes his two children for a walk along "officer's row" where the appointed personnel lives./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767431May194512Z-159. Mr. Fritz Popper handles distribution of newspapers to recreation rooms and various groups at the Shelter. Each morning representatives of these groups call for their papers at Mr. Popper's desk in the administration building. He also handles all complaints concerning living quarters, mess halls, and repair work necessary. Mr. Popper, a former banker in Vienna, speaks four languages and is of great assistance as an interpreter at the Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767432May194512Z-160. Back scenes in the post office where letters and packages are sorted./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767433May194512Z-161. A meeting of all the Shelter residents who were formerly at the Buchenwald and Dachau concentration camps was held under the leadership of Paul Wallentin, Oskar Goldberg, and Dr. Nathan Zindwer. Although 60 persons were at the meeting, there is a total of 80 persons at the Shelter who spent up to 7 years in these camps./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767434May194512Z-162. The milk delivery truck from Oswego visits the Shelter daily and center residents come out of their barracks, as it makes the rounds, to buy milk or chocolate milk. "Americans drink so much milk," they say and are learning to enjoy it themselves./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767435May194512Z-163. Mrs. Juliet Lowy, Shelter resident librarian, checks in a book in the Shelter Library. The library contains approximately 5000 books for the both children and adults supplied by the German language newspaper Aufbau, and in several languages including German, French, Yiddish, Polish, Yugoslav, English. The library, open both morning and afternoon, loans several books apiece to approximately 25 persons a day. Many people come in to read the foreign language newspapers, delivered daily. The library itself has been comfortably furnished by a private agency. Mrs. Lowy, whose husband and child are also at the Shelter, did some library work in Italy before coming to this country./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767436May194512Z-164. Mr. Fritz Popper, Shelter resident, reads the tablet giving some of the history of Ft. Ontario during the years in which the Fort itself was in use as an army installation. Its chief claim to fame is that it was not once so successfully defended./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767437May194512Z-165. A Shelter resident dressed for a rainy morning./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767438May194512Z-166. An appointed staff driver and several Shelter residents do all the moving and hauling which is necessary at Ft. Ontario./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767439May194512Z-167. Shelter residents attend to the upkeep of the Ft. Ontario grounds./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767440May194512Z-168. Students in the beauty class, conducted by Miss Mary Campo, a professional teacher, learn to wash and set hair, give permanents, manicures, facials. Here they are shown fixing each other's hair, but they also have regular clients. There are 45 students registered for the 240 hour course and Miss Campo feels that her students are doing extremely well./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767441May194512Z-169. Shelter children perform a minuet learned in a dance and gymnastics class taught by Zdenka Ruchnvarger. Mrs. Ruchnvarger, who learned gymnastics in Europe, but has never taught before, has about 45 pupils between the ages of six and twenty-two. Her husband is a doctor in the Shelter hospital./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767442May194512Z-171. Zdenka Ruchvarger teaches a class in gymnastics. Mrs. Ruchvarger, who learned gymnastics in Europe, never taught before coming to the Shelter, has about 45 pupils between the ages of 6 and 22. Her husband is a doctor in the Shelter hospital./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767443May194512Z-172. Building a house of blocks at the Shelter nursery school. The school for all preschool Shelter children is run by an appointed staff member, Mrs. Sarah Foote, with the assistance of Mrs. Berta Fielbogen, Shelter resident. The 31 children who attend include German, Austrian, Yugoslav, Czech, Italian, Greek, and American. When the children first came to the school, they tended to play alone or with their own language group. Now that they are beginning to learn English their play has become much more cooperative. However, they still have little formal group work but play with clay, paint, blocks, and toys given to the school./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767444May194512Z-173. Children playing at the Shelter nursery school. The school for all preschool Shelter children is run by an appointed staff member, Mrs. Sarah Foote, employed by the Oswego Coordinating Committee, with the assistance of Mrs. Bertha Fielbogen, Shelter resident. The 31 children who attended include German, Austria, Yugoslav, Czech, Italian, Greek, and American. when the children first came to the school they tended to play alone or with their own language group. Now that they are beginning to learn English, their play has become more cooperative. However, they still have little formal group work but play with clay, paint, blocks, and toys given to the school./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767445May194512Z-174. Children playing at the Shelter nursery school. The school for all preschool Shelter children is run by an appointed staff member, Mrs. Sarah Foote, employed by the Oswego Coordinating Committee, with the assistance of Mrs. Bertha Fielbogen, Shelter resident. The 31 children who attended include German, Austria, Yugoslav, Czech, Italian, Greek, and American. when the children first came to the school they tended to play alone or with their own language group. Now that they are beginning to learn English, their play has become more cooperative. However, they still have little formal group work but play with clay, paint, blocks, and toys given to the school./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767446May194512Z-175. Children playing at the Shelter nursery school. The school for all preschool Shelter children is run by an appointed staff member, Mrs. Sarah Foote, employed by the Oswego Coordinating Committee, with the assistance of Mrs. Bertha Fielbogen, Shelter resident. The 31 children who attended include German, Austria, Yugoslav, Czech, Italian, Greek, and American. when the children first came to the school they tended to play alone or with their own language group. Now that they are beginning to learn English, their play has become more cooperative. However, they still have little formal group work but play with clay, paint, blocks, and toys given to the school./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767447May194512Z-176. Soene in one of the men's dormitories. Fifteen men live in this large room in one of the former hospital buildings. Each man has a cot, clothes locker, table, and chair and has embellished his corner with pictures and pin-ups. There are several other dormitory rooms of this type and 3 barracks of single rooms for those who prefer them./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767448May194512Z-177. Soene in one of the men's dormitories. Fifteen men live in this large room in one of the former hospital buildings. Each man has a cot, clothes locker, table, and chair and has embellished his corner with pictures and pin-ups. There are several other dormitory rooms of this type and 3 barracks of single rooms for those who prefer them./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767449May194512Z-178. Mrs. Margeles of the Shelter Welfare Office talks with Mrs. Meta Rosenthal, head of the Shelter's children's home. In the home are five Shelter children with only one parent each, unable to care for them adequately./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767450May194512Z-179. Miss Friedl Reifer of the Welfare office interviews Mrs. Rosa Becker. The Welfare office handles all types of problems including those relating directly to difficulties at the Shelter and also those concerned with future plans of the residents, contacts with relatives and friends on the outside./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767451May194512Z-180. Lunchtime in a Shelter mess hall. Residents receive their meals cafeteria style in mess halls, including one kosher, at a cost to the government of less than 45 cents per day per person, all menus abiding by rationing regulations. Kitchen work is done by Shelter residents./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767452May194512Z-181. Residents receive their meals cafeteria style in mess halls, including one kosher, at a cost to the government of less than 45 cents per day per person, all menus abiding by rationing regulations. Kitchen work is done by Shelter residents./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767453May194512Z-182. In the kosher mess hall at the Ft. Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, meat supervisor, Pesach Munz, prepares meat for cooking with the assistance of Daniel Hamburger. Residents receive their meals cafeteria style in mess halls, including one kosher, at a cost to the government of less than 45 cents per day per person, all menus abiding by rationing regulations. Kitchen work is done by Shelter residents./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767454May194512Z-183. Jan Willner, head cook in the kosher mess hall at the Ft. Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, meat supervisor, Pesach Munz, prepares meat for cooking with the assistance of Daniel Hamburger. Residents receive their meals cafeteria style in mess halls, including one kosher, at a cost to the government of less than 45 cents per day per person, all menus abiding by rationing regulations. Kitchen work is done by Shelter residents./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767455May194512Z-184. Preparing food for lunch in a Shelter mess hall, are from left to right, Rosa Bartfeld, Regina Korner, Mina Korner, Paula Braun. Residents receive their meals cafeteria style in the mess halls, one kosher, at a cost to the government of less than 45 cents per person, all menus abiding by rationing regulations. Kitchen work is done by Shelter residents, some on a regular basis and some on rotation./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767456May194512Z-185. An eighth grade classroom at the State Teachers College in Oswego, which has two students from the Ft. Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter, Peter Sommerburg (right row, 2nd student) and Eric Levy (left row, first student). The teacher of this class is extremely enthusiastic about her two Shelter students, both because of the excellent work they have done and because of the help they have been in helping to make more tangible to all the students the idea of "one world."/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767457May194512Z-187. In the carpentry shop of the State Teachers College in Oswego, students from the Shelter and from Oswego work together on the lathe. All Shelter children attend Oswego schools, part of them attending high school classes held at the Teachers College./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767458May194612Z-188. Some young Shelter residents returning from school. All Shelter children attend school in Oswego but must return to the Shelter after classes are over each afternoon./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767459May194512Z-189. Children from the Shelter check in with the Internal Security Officer at the entrance to Ft. Ontario. The children attend school in Oswego leaving the Shelter in the morning and returning by 4 PM in the afternoon. While it is seldom necessary for them to show their passes, the children like to stop and talk to the officer on the way in the gate./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767460May194512Z-190. Two young Shelter residents./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767461May194512Z-191. Shelter children and those from Oswego enjoy a baseball game on the parade ground at the Fort between teams from Oswego and Auburn. Although baseball is new to Shelter residents, the children are beginning to play it among themselves and lans are underway for more baseball at the Shelter this spring./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767462May194512Z-192. Shelter children and those from Oswego enjoy a baseball game on the parade ground at the Fort between teams from Oswego and Auburn. Although baseball is new to Shelter residents, the children are beginning to play it among themselves and lans are underway for more baseball at the Shelter this spring./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767463May194512Z-193. Shelter children and those from Oswego enjoy a baseball game on the parade ground at the Fort between teams from Oswego and Auburn. Although baseball is new to Shelter residents, the children are beginning to play it among themselves and lans are underway for more baseball at the Shelter this spring./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767464May194512Z-194. Some of the younger Shelter residents. All the children, except those of kindergarten age, go to school in Oswego but spend after school hours at the Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767465May194512Z-195. A group of Shelter children./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767466May194512Z-196. At present there are five children being cared for at the Shelter's children's home by Mrs. Meta Rosenthal (left) and Mrs. Lily Brauer. Each of the children has only one parent and cannot be cared for adequately so is temporarily at the home./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767467May194512Z-197. A couple of Shelter children in the barracks area./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767468May194512Z-198. Herman Bruck, well-known European painter, working in his studio at the Shelter. Mr. Bruck just won the first award for his self portrait in the exhibition of Shelter residents arts and crafts work held recently at Fort Ontario./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767469May194512Z-200. Mrs. Miriam Sommerburg in her apartment at the Ft. Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. She is one of the outstanding artists of the Shelter, working in clay, water color, and with woodcuts, developing a technique of using color in her prints. She feels her stay at the Shelter has given her time to work and to put down some of the things which she has to say through art. In her barracks apartment which she shares with her four children, she has fixed up a studio decorated with designs printed on the walls and with her own work. The 4 children, the 5th is at present in Palestine, are all artists and have done work in wool, paint and clay on display at the exhibition of residents' work being shown at the Shelter./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767470May194512Z-201. Max Sipner, staff artist for the Shelter newspaper, the "Ontario Chronicle." Mr. Sipner, an Austrian, did cartoons and posters for various papers and companies in Vienna. After being forced to leave there he spent some time in a concentration camp but was finally freed. He is very anxious to remain in the United States and go into motion picture work doing animation, which he also did when in Austria. Both he and his wife, who is the pianist in the Shelter orchestra, have relatives in this country./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767471May194512Z-202. Mr. and Mrs. Max Sipser in their apartment at the Shelter. Mr. Sipser is the staff artist for the Shelter newspaper, "The Ontario Chronicle," and his cartoons of Shelter residents and activities are extremely popular. Mrs. Sisper, an Austrian formerly did cartoons and posters for papers and companies in Vienna. He is very anxious to remain in the United States and do animation work for motion pictures. Both Mr. and Mrs. Sipser have several relatives in this country./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767472May194512Z-203. Mr. Steven Koen in his apartment at the Ft. Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Mr. Koen and his wife escaped from Belgrade, Yugoslavia, to Italy, although his wife was badly wounded during bombings of the city./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767473May194512Z-204. Mr. Michele Mikhailoff in his barrack room. Mr. Mikhailoff, a Russian, is a painter, lives at the Shelter with his wife, also a painter, and their son who is studying at the State Teachers College in Oswego./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767474May194512Z-206. Mr. Fritz Popper, formerly a banker in Vienna. Mr. Popper's mother and sister died in a German concentration camp, another sister died when the Germans occupied Vienna, and still another sister hasn't been heard from for several years, may still be in a concentration camp. His brothers are in Switzerland and Australia. Mr. Popper hopes to stay in the United States as he no longer has family or business to get back to in Vienna. Since he speaks four languages, Mr. Popper has been helpful as an interpreter at the Shelter/ He also has a job distributing the daily newspapers to representatives of the various Shelter clubs and seeing that necessary repairs of barrack facilities referred to him by the residents are taken care of./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767475May194512Z-207. Mrs. Elsie Regenhardt in her apartment at the Ft. Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter. Mrs. Regenhardt some years ago developed a special type of bodybuilding exercises with which she has helped people in all the large cities in Europe. At her institute in Vienna she gave treatment to crippled children as well as to others with posture and more serious difficulties. Mrs. Regenhardt has several daughters now in Casablanca./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767476May194512Z-208. Mr. and Mrs. Konrad Silberstein, formerly of Danzig, in their small bungalow at the Shelter. Due to Mrs. Silberstein's paralysis, a result of her escape from Danzig and trip by boat down the Danube, the Silbersteins have been permitted to have this house, rather than having to live in the regular barracks apartments. They have a nineteen years old son whom they haven't seen in six years, who is studying engineering in England./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767477May194512Z-209. A Shelter family. Mrs. Sophie Adanyi with Mickie and Marelle Adanyi. Mrs. Adanyi's husband is in a German prison camp. She has relatives living in New York and Hollywood and hopes that she will be able to stay in this country./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767478May194512Z-210. Of the most popular activities among younger residents of the Shelter is a Youth Group which meets every Friday night in one of the recreation rooms. The Group, headed by Freidi Baum, second from right, gathers in one of the recreation rooms for dancing, talking, sometimes a speaker or a discussion./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767479May194512Z-211. Of the most popular activities among younger residents of the Shelter is a Youth Group which meets every Friday night in one of the recreation rooms. The Group, headed by Freidi Baum, second from right, gathers in one of the recreation rooms for dancing, talking, sometimes a speaker or a discussion./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767480May194512Z-212. Of the most popular activities among younger residents of the Shelter is a Youth Group which meets every Friday night in one of the recreation rooms. The Group, headed by Freidi Baum, second from right, gathers in one of the recreation rooms for dancing, talking, sometimes a speaker or a discussion./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767481May194512Z-213. Of the most popular activities among younger residents of the Shelter is a Youth Group which meets every Friday night in one of the recreation rooms. The Group, headed by Freidi Baum, second from right, gathers in one of the recreation rooms for dancing, talking, sometimes a speaker or a discussion./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767482May194512Z-214. Of the most popular activities among younger residents of the Shelter is a Youth Group which meets every Friday night in one of the recreation rooms. The Group, headed by Freidi Baum, second from right, gathers in one of the recreation rooms for dancing, talking, sometimes a speaker or a discussion./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767483May194512Z-215. One of the most popular activities among younger residents of the Shelter is a Youth Group which meets every Friday night. Here Fredi Baum, head of the group talks with another of the members at one of the informal gatherings in a Shelter recreation room./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767484May194512Z-216. Of the most popular activities among younger residents of the Shelter is a Youth Group which meets every Friday night in one of the recreation rooms. The Group, headed by Freidi Baum, second from right, gathers in one of the recreation rooms for dancing, talking, sometimes a speaker or a discussion. Here the group enjoys a showing of slides of Peru by Joseph Smart, director of the Shelter with the assistance of Edward Huberman, acting director of community activities. Following the slides, the group asked Mr. Smart many questions about the country and his trip down there./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767485May194512Z-217. Soene in administrative offices where residents come to bring complaints and suggestions, to arrange for jobs at the Shelter, to visit the welfare office, to collect newspapers, and to get mail./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767486May194512Z-218. A Shelter resident chats with the telephone operator./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767487May194512Z-219. Two of the Shelter residents, right, assisted by two of the appointed personnel run off some prize certificates on the mimeograph machine. These are to go to winners in the exhibition of Shelter arts and crafts./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767488May194512Z-220. Soene in administrative building./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767489May194512Z-221. Soene in administrative office. One of the shelter residents who works in the office and one of the appointed personnel talk over some work at hand./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767490May194512Z-222. Shelter residents do necessary maintenance and hauling work at the Shelter including unloading coal from railroad cars and delivering it to barracks. Such coal hauling has been done on a rotation basis throughout the winter, all able bodied male residents being required to take their turn./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767491May194512Z-223. Shelter scene showing row of mess halls, including one kosher mess./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767492May194512Z-224. Residents air their bedding outside Shelter barracks./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767493May194512Z-225. Shelter residents reading the daily paper in one of the recreation rooms. These rooms are used for small, informal gatherings, are supplied with newspapers in several languages. This recreation room is managed by the resident in the foreground who calls for the papers at the administrative office, helps to arrange parties, and keeps the room in order./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767494May194512Z-226. Soene from the gate looking up he road which leads from the Shelter into the town of Oswego. Shelter residents may go to Oswego at any time during the day but cannot remain away overnight. They must check with the security office at the gate when they go out and come in. Note high fence which surrounds the Shelter grounds./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767495May194512Z-227. View of Shelter barracks from edge of Ft. Ontario parade ground./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767496May194512Z-228. Shelter residents on their way to lunch at the mess halls./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767497May194512Z-229. Mrs. Hilda Mayer outside her barracks "home" at Ft. Ontario. Mrs. Mayer is following her trade started in Europe of making cosmetics. At the recent exhibition of arts and crafts done by Shelter residents, she had in display cold creams, cleansing creams, and several types of skin lotions./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767498May194512Z-230. Mr. and Mrs. Oskar Goldman work together in the finance offices of the Shelter. Mr. Goldman handles passport renewals and various financial matters for the Shelter residents including the sales of U.S. war bonds of which $76,000 worth have been published to date./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767499May194512Series II: Reports/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767065Project Director's Report/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670662Ft Ontario Refugee Shelter Final Report-Coordinating Committee./repositories/2/archival_objects/176706721Ft Ontario Refugee Shelter: Final Accountability Roster/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670681946-02-19-1946-08-1622Ft Ontario Refugee Shelter Final Report-Operations Division/repositories/2/archival_objects/176706923Fort Ontario Refugee Shelter Final Internal Security Report/repositories/2/archival_objects/176707024Fort Ontario Refugee Shelter Final Report-Welfare Section/repositories/2/archival_objects/176707125Ft Ontario Refugee Shelter Final Report-Administrative Engagement Section/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670721946-03-1926Final Report-Copy 2: Health section/repositories/2/archival_objects/176707327Final Report-Copy 3: Edward Huberman./repositories/2/archival_objects/176707428Fort Ontario Refugee Shelter Project Director's Report./repositories/2/archival_objects/176707529Relocation Division Statistics Weekly Population Reports/repositories/2/archival_objects/176707681Oswego Weekly and Monthly Reports August-December 1944/repositories/2/archival_objects/176707782Fort Ontario, Oswego, New York Set 2: Monthly Reports-August 1944./repositories/2/archival_objects/17670781944-0883Memorandums, Monthly Reports 1945./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767079194584WRA Forms 235-Monthly Eng. Reports December 1945-January 1946./repositories/2/archival_objects/17670801945-12-1946-0185Fire Reports November 1944-January 1946/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670811944-11-1946-0186Weekly Reports October 2, 1944-January 1928./repositories/2/archival_objects/17670821944-10-1948-0187Weekly Statistical Labor Report October 27, 1945-December 22, 1945./repositories/2/archival_objects/17670831945-10-27-1945-12-2288Monthly Reports November 1944-December 1945./repositories/2/archival_objects/17670841944-11-1945-1289Weekly Reports, Welfare Section October 1944-January 1945./repositories/2/archival_objects/17670851944-10-1945-01810Weekly Reports Mess Operations October 2, 1944-November 26, 1945. Duties of Mess Operations Personnel./repositories/2/archival_objects/17670861944-10-02-1945-11-26811Correspondence./repositories/2/archival_objects/1767087812Monthly Reports Welfare Section August 1944-January 1946/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670881944-08-1946-01813Bulletins and Reports/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670891944-08-15-1945-08-01122Dr Bondy's Report/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670901944-12-16-1945-03-12125Reports/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670911944-08-02-1945-12-31127Reports/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670921944-06-1944-08-27128Reports/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670931946-01-1946-021210Financial Reports/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670941944-07-1946-021211Study by International Migration Services of the refugees at Fort Ontario/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670951944-05-1945-041216Oswego Report, May 1946/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670961946-051217Reports/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670971945-01-30-1945-04-091310Religious School Reports/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670981312English Center Reports/repositories/2/archival_objects/17670991313Trade School Reports/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671001944-12-26-1945-11-091314Report of Subcommittee on Displaced persons (American council of Voluntary Agencies)/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671011944-051320Series III: Correspondence Files/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767102Oswego Reader's file: September 1944/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671031944-0931Oswego Reader's File: August 1944/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671041944-0832Oswego Reader's File: July 1944/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671051944-0733Oswego Reader's File: October 1944/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671061944-1034Oswego Reader's File: November 1944/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671071944-1135Oswego Reader's File: December 1944/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671081944-1236Oswego Reader's File: January 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671091945-0137Oswego Reader's File: February 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671101945-0238Oswego Reader's File: March 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671111945-0339Oswego Reader's File: April 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671121945-04310Oswego Reader's File: May 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671131945-05311Oswego Reader's File: June 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671141945-0641Oswego Reader's File: July 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671151945-0742Oswego Reader's File: August 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671161945-0843Oswego Reader's File: September 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671171945-0944Oswego Reader's File: October 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671181945-1045Oswego Reader's File: November 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671191945-1146Oswego Reader's File: December 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671201945-1247Oswego Reader's File: January 1946/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671211946-0148Oswego Reader's File: February 1946/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671221946-0249Oswego Reader's File: March-June 1946/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671231946-03410Series IV: Manuals and Handbooks/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767124Fort Ontario Administrative Manual: 20.2-20.22/repositories/2/archival_objects/176712551Fort Ontario Administrative Manual: Chapter 30-40.5/repositories/2/archival_objects/176712652Fort Ontario Administrative Manual: Chapters 50-70/repositories/2/archival_objects/176712753Fort Ontario Administrative Manual: Chapters 590-150, Index, Transmittal Notices./repositories/2/archival_objects/176712854War Relocation Authority Manual Release: 1-87, 170 and 193/repositories/2/archival_objects/176712955Scope and ContentsMissing: numbers 9 and 27.
Shelter Safety Manual/repositories/2/archival_objects/176713061Handbook Releases/repositories/2/archival_objects/176713162Personnel Handbook./repositories/2/archival_objects/176713263War Relocation Authority Handbook/repositories/2/archival_objects/176713364War Relocation Authority Mess Operations Handbook: Handbook on Mess Operations and Food Rationing. Supplementing Manual Sections 50.6 and 50.10/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671341944-10-2071War Relocation Authority Handbook on Center Closure and Transfer Operations. Supplementing Manual Chapter 140/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671351944-05-0972War Relocation Authority Community Government Handbook: A Summation of the Functions, Organization, and Relationships of the Council and Administration. Complementing Manual Section 30.6/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671361943-11-2073War Relocation Authority Finance Handbook/repositories/2/archival_objects/176713774Series V: Publications and Memos/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767138Memoranda 1945 ("Memos to shelter residents, announcements and notices
Arranged in chronological order")/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767139194591Information Bulletin August-December 1944/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671401944-08-1944-1292Shelter Memos to Residents January 1944-January 1946./repositories/2/archival_objects/17671411944-01-1946-0193Personnel Memos September 1944-February 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671421944-11-1945-0294Ontario Chronicle Vol. 1 No. 1-Vol. No. 42, UN Press Release 11/9/1944, correspondence about the Chronicle/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671431944-11-08-1945-09-06101Ontario Chronicle Vol 1. No.1-Vol. 1 No. 42 (Duplicates)/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671441944-11-08-1945-09-06102Ontario Chronicle Vol 1. No.1-Vol. 1 No. 42 (Duplicates)/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671451944-11-08-1945-09-06103Ontario Chronicle Vol 1. No.1-Vol. 1 No. 42 (Duplicates)/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671461944-11-08-1945-09-06104Ontario Chronicle Vol 1. No.1-Vol. 1 No. 42 (Duplicates)/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671471944-11-08-1945-09-06105Ontario Chronicle Vol 1. No.1-Vol. 1 No. 42 (Duplicates)/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671481944-11-08-1945-09-06106Administrative Notices/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671491936-11-16-1945-03-07111Administrative Notices 2/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671501945-07-03-1946-01-28112/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671511944-04-24-1945-06-01113Series VI: General/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767152Baron, Lawrence--"Haven from the Holocaust. . ." New York History LXIV/l/repositories/2/archival_objects/176715314-8New York History, January 1983, LXIV/1; "Suggestions for the Disposal of Visual Materials at the Closing of the Ft. Ontario Emergency refugee Shelter/repositories/2/archival_objects/176715419Miscellaneous/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767155121Transfer of Refugees from Italy to Fort Ontario/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767156123Background and Organization/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767157124Oswego-Opening Period/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767158126Early Documents/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767159129Budget Estimates for Fourth Quarter Fiscal Year: 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671601212Budget Estimates for Third Quarter: Fiscal Year 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671611213Budget Estimates for First Quarter Fiscal Year: 1946/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671621214Oswego Material/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671631215Oswego Citizens Comittee/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767164131National Refugee Service/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767165132Community Activities/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767166133Friends of Fort Ontario Guest-refugees/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767167134Cooperating National Private Agencies/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767168135Cooperating National Private Agencies (General)/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767169136Coordinating Committee for Ft. Ontario/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767170137United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767171138Miscellaneous/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767172139Interested Agencies/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671731311Nursery School/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671741315Films/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671751316Forums, Plays, Etc./repositories/2/archival_objects/17671761317Entertainment-Program/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671771318Quaker Activities and Correspondance/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671781319Intergovernmental Committee/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671791321Education/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671801322Executive Committee of Fort Ontario Residents/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767181141Background of Policy in re Proposed "Sponsored Leave" (General File)/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767182142Community Management/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767183143Community Relations-Oswego/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767184144Efforts made to Obtain Relaxation of Shelter Leave Policy/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767185145Electrians/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767186146Employment/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767187147Exec Committee/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767188148Granting Leave in Special Individual Cases/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767189149Grants and Wages (Drafts)/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671901410Oswego Health/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671911411Institutionalized Persons: Medical Leave/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671921412Memorandums to Individuals/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671931413Pass Procedure/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671941414Placement of children/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671951415Special Reports-Set II/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671961416Statistics, Monthly/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671971417Welfare and Medical/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671981418Miscellaneous/repositories/2/archival_objects/17671991419Miscellaneous/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767200151Hearings Before Subcommittee VI, II, I, of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization House of Representatives/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767201152Speeches of Smart/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767202153Forms Used at the Shelter/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767203154Operations/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767204155Currency/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767205156Statistics/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767206157Miscellaneous Information to Public/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767207158Miscellaneous 3/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767208159Miscellaneous 1/repositories/2/archival_objects/17672091510Dickstein Committee/repositories/2/archival_objects/17672101511Censorship/repositories/2/archival_objects/17672111512Miscellaneous 4/repositories/2/archival_objects/17672121513Resettlement Program at Fort Ontario in line with the President's Statement of 12/22/45/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767213161Miscellaneous File on Interdepartmental Survey Sept-Oct 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767214162Gripsholm Sailing/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767215163Migration Cases/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767216164Paneling of Refugees at Fort Ontario by State, Justice, and Interior Representatives/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767217165President Truman's Statement 12/22/1945 and his Directive to Federal Agencies on Refugees and Displaced Persons/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767218166Department of Justice/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767219167Memorandum 10/24/45 to State, and Interior Depts. SUBJ: Paneling of Refugees at Fort Ontario/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767220168Final Summary Report of the Executive Director, War Refugee Board/repositories/2/archival_objects/1767221169Miscellaneous/repositories/2/archival_objects/17672221610Returned to Europe/repositories/2/archival_objects/17672231611Transport to Yugoslavia--Second Gripsholm sailing, August 28, 1945/repositories/2/archival_objects/17672241612War Department/repositories/2/archival_objects/17672251613Misc 2/repositories/2/archival_objects/17672261614War Refugee Board/repositories/2/archival_objects/17672271615