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"Gurs camp, Vichy France. Open-air mass on a Sunday. Men kneeling as priest officiates, under a cross, all seen from the rear, LS. Caption on the back of the original indicates photograph was circulated or attempt was made to do so. Back is stamped ""Pix Incorporated, 250 Park: Avenue, New York City."" Also stamp ""Uncensored Photo"" in large letters. Typewritten caption: ""Concentration camps in France-Gurs [preceding in caps]. There are more than 200,000 men and women suffering in the concentration camps in France. Among them are some of the outstanding intellects of Europe, men of letters, musicians, and scientists. They are in camps simply because they are Jews or enemies of Fascism and Nazism, or Spanish refugees who fought in the war. These pictures are the first to be secretly taken at the concentration camp in Gurs in the unoccupied part of France. [After space, as the picture is part of a series:] 3. Out in the open air, on Sundays, the unfortunates in the concentration camp attend mass. Here we see them during the service, kneeling, with heads bowed."" 1940-1941"

Rivesaltes internment camp, Vichy France. Three young boys and a girl probably peeling potatoes. looking rather forlorn as they work over a large kettle, MS. One boy's head has been shaven. Original photograph bas caption on back: ·Children helping prepare a meal in a French concentration camp (Rivesaltes).· (Name of camp bas been added in in pen.) Varian Fry stamp.

"Rivesaltes internment camp, Vichy, France. Group of women, some of them rather forlom, standing as if for inspection behind several men with Surete Nationale arm bands, man at right looking gangster-like. Caption: ""Women in a French concentration camp (Rivesaltes). The men with arm bands are guards of the Surete Nationale. the national police.""(Rivesaltes is added in in pen.) Fry stamp. "

2 items : Contains booklet on the Birkenau concentration camp (French, English, German), and a reproduction of a fence of a similar camp

(This folder consists of "A Personal Memory of Vienna 1938 and a Historical Memory of Anti-Semitism," a talk given by Kandel on the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the Theresienstadt concentration camp.)

(Nazi Party identification card of Johannes Otto, with his photograph and signature; also contains stamped signature of heinrich Himmler, and actual sihnature of Theodor Eicke, SS-Gruppenführer of the Concentration Camps)