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The papers consist of correspondence, manuscripts, documents, photographs, and printed materials, chiefly concerning 1907-1917. They are particularly useful for the study of the second Russian State Duma (1907), the Russian Social Democratic School on Capri, the "Vpered" group of Social Democrats, the relationship between Maksim Gorḱiĭ and Leonid Andreev, and World War I. Russian Social Democratic correspondents include Aleksandr Bogdanov, Vladimir Lenin, Anatoliĭ Lunacharskiĭ, I︠U︡liĭ Martov, Georgiĭ Plekhanov, Mikhail Pokrovskiĭ, and Lev Trot︠s︡kiĭ. There are letters by such European socialists as Pablo Iglesias Posse, Karl Kautsky, Rosa Luxemburg, and Benito Mussolini, and a series of letters from Gorḱiĭ to Andreev (1899-1915). There is a large number of petitions ("nakazy" "proshenii︠a︡" etc.) sent by people to Aleksinskiĭ when he was a Duma delegate. Authors of manuscripts in the collection include Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, Gorḱiĭ, Lenin, and Lunacharskiĭ. Printed materials consist of Aleksinskiĭ's writings, issues of chiefly Russian emigre periodicals from 1908 to the 1960s, books by various persons, and ephemera.

The collection contains RNK correspondence, documents, photographs, subject files, organizational records and printed materials. There are letters from Boris Bakhmeteff, Pavel and Petr Dolgorukov, Zinaida Gippius, Aleksandr Kutepov, Dmitrii Merezhovskii, Bernard Pares, Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams, George Vernadsky, and Petr Vrangel. There is a short essay by Aleksandra Tolstaia about her father. The manuscripts relate to political, historical and sociological issues. Most of the subject files relate to emigre organizations other than the RNK, while those of the RNK are classified into files of financial records, bulletins, minutes and lists of names and addresses. Among the printed materials are brochures and pamphlets, clippings, newspapers, and books.