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The papers consist of correspondence, manuscripts, documents, photographs, and printed materials, chiefly concerning 1907-1917. They are particularly useful for the study of the second Russian State Duma (1907), the Russian Social Democratic School on Capri, the "Vpered" group of Social Democrats, the relationship between Maksim Gorḱiĭ and Leonid Andreev, and World War I. Russian Social Democratic correspondents include Aleksandr Bogdanov, Vladimir Lenin, Anatoliĭ Lunacharskiĭ, I︠U︡liĭ Martov, Georgiĭ Plekhanov, Mikhail Pokrovskiĭ, and Lev Trot︠s︡kiĭ. There are letters by such European socialists as Pablo Iglesias Posse, Karl Kautsky, Rosa Luxemburg, and Benito Mussolini, and a series of letters from Gorḱiĭ to Andreev (1899-1915). There is a large number of petitions ("nakazy" "proshenii︠a︡" etc.) sent by people to Aleksinskiĭ when he was a Duma delegate. Authors of manuscripts in the collection include Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, Gorḱiĭ, Lenin, and Lunacharskiĭ. Printed materials consist of Aleksinskiĭ's writings, issues of chiefly Russian emigre periodicals from 1908 to the 1960s, books by various persons, and ephemera.

There are letters from fellow historians, such as John Franklin Jameson and Aleksandr Lappo-Danilevskiĭ; Kadet Party leaders, including Vladimir D. Nabokov and Nikolaĭ Astrov; and others such as Boris Bakhmeteff, Charles Crane, Vladimir Jabotinsky, Louis Marshall, Thomas Masaryk, and Nikolaĭ Roerich. A large correspondence series consists of letters and petitions sent to Miliukov during the Third State Duma (1907-12). Manuscripts include Mili︠u︡kov's memoirs, and his notebooks from the period of the Civil War. There is also a manuscript by Isaak Shkovskiĭ (pseudonym -- Dioneo) on Russian writers and journalists during World War I. Subject files deal with the State Duma, the Civil War, and the emigration.