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This series provides considerable material documenting Eilenberg's collecting activities over a period of 40 years. Although the bulk of the series concerns his Indian and East Asian art collection, the series also provides evidence of his earlier collecting in other areas: coins, meerschaum pipes, and European art. The series combines documents pertaining to the acquisition and care of his art collection with considerable correspondence, much of it concerning art loans or bequests of art objects to collections in the U.S, Europe, and Israel. Overview information about Eilenberg's art collection and information about major bequests he made has been placed at the beginning of the series, and information about his other collections placed at the end, along with collection minutiae (e.g. storage & transportation documents), photos of his collection holdings, and printed articles about art and archaeology. Material within each individual filing unit is organized chronologically, with undated material at the end.

This series contains Eilenberg's math notes and writings—a great many of which he left undated—and his math-related correspondence, a good deal of which is dated, at least in part. The series primarily includes: Eilenberg's hand-written math notes; what seem to be drafts or revisions of chapters of math books he authored or co-authored; photo-copies of math notes, chapter drafts, or revisions, often hand-annotated; correspondence with fellow-mathematicians about math questions or their joint efforts; possible lecture or class notes; copies of math papers or articles that Eilenberg filed in with his own notes (and which have been left in with his writings to preserve original order, as well as for the light they potentially shed on the genesis of his math work). Although most of the material in this series is in English, Eilenberg's student notebook is in Polish (Box 4, Folder 7), and other material is in French and German. Apart from Eilenberg's dated Polish notebook (1930-34), which fittingly begins the series, the rest of these mostly undated math notes and book chapters is organized by topic: the more substantial book chapters, revisions, and outlines are followed by a number of folders on various math topics, lecture or class notes, articles by Eilenberg, and math correspondence, respectively.

This series contains an especially wide range of materials in several different languages: biographical information about Eilenberg, including identity papers, passports, and legal documents; documentation of the academic honors and awards he received; correspondence concerning both his academic career and personal affairs; tax returns for the years 1980-94 and bank statements dating from the period 1969-92. The series is organized by type of material.

This series comprises printed versions of math papers delivered by colleagues, select math clippings, a few copies of students' papers, and photo-copies of math articles published by others that Eilenberg thought worth preserving; unlike the papers and articles in Series III however, no body of correspondence accompanies these items. This series is organized by type of material, with math papers followed by photo-copies of printed articles.

This series contains a photograph album and various loose photos of Samuel Eilenberg, his friends, and associates over the years. The album contains photographic prints of Eilenberg as a youth and young man in Poland, as well as shots of various family and friends. The album is undated, as are many of the photographs in the manuscript box. Since the album includes photos of Eilenberg as a youth in Poland, as well as shots of him as a young professional, its photos can be tentatively dated as circa 1920-1948. The loose prints, collected and kept by Eilenberg over the years, include formal portraits, duplicates of photos used for identity and travel documents, and pictures during his travels. Of particular interest are the duplicate photos used for some of Eilenberg's identity cards from the 1940s (some signed in typical fashion as those used in passports), as well as him as an older man. In addition, there are scenes from Eilenberg travels, him teaching, a small set of reproductions of photos from Poland, and one sketch portrait of Eilenberg. As a group, the loose photos and sketch can be dated ca. 1940-90.

This series includes oversize items: academic diplomas, honorary doctorates, certificates of other honors and awards, along with a few other large items. These include Eilenberg's honorary doctoral diplomas, his 1936 doctoral diploma, and other Polish academic diplomas. This series is arranged chronologically and housed in an oversize box and tube boxes.

This series is composed of legal documents, most of which concern the protracted and costly litigation stemming from Eilenberg's 1969 divorce from Natasha. Box 8, Folder 3 contains Eilenberg's Last Will & Testament, in addition to their legal separation and final divorce settlement papers. Some of this material is also pertinent to Eilenberg's Indian and East Asian art collection, since one of the allegations made by Natasha was that he was concealing the true extent and value of this collection, or even selling off parts of it covertly. Specific art collection inventories and other legal exhibits appear in Folders 4-6, but the collection is a consistently recurrent topic in many of the legal documents throughout the series. Additional complications (and further delay of a final divorce settlement) was provided by the separate, but closely related case of "Eilenberg v. Gemberling," where Eilenberg brought suit over a proposed Christies' auction of some art objects previously stolen from him while in storage (Folders 16-17). The series is organized by type of material.