Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño records, 1959-2020, bulk 1968-1993

Collection context

Creator:
Marcantonio, Vito, 1902-1954 and Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño
Abstract:
The Puerto Rican Socialist Party (El Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño) (PSP) was a leftist pro-independence political party founded in 1971 out of the Movimiento Pro-Independencia (MPI) and eventually dissolved in 1993. In the 1970s, the PSP established its branch in the United States, for which New York City was central but accompanied by other "nuclei" of the Party throughout the country. Significant events and political actions organized by, organized around, and/or contributed to by the PSP included Congresos Nacionales (Puerto Rico) and Congresos Seccionales (U.S.), the National Day of Solidarity with Puerto Rico at Madison Square Garden in 1974, the Bicentennial Without Colonies in Philadelphia 1976, and the case of Puerto Rican independence before the United Nations and the U.S. Congress.
Extent:
22 Linear Feet (23 manuscript boxes (1-23); 8 flat boxes (24-31); one mapcase folder; one flash drive (box 32))
Language:
English, Spanish; Castilian
Scope and content:

Per former PSP member Carmen Vivian Rivera, in the year 2000, a group of former members came together (through the ¡Despierta Boricua! Recovering History Project) to document the history of the Party, particularly that of the U.S. branch. Rivera served as the coordinator of a group who put out a call for documents to other former PSP members and completed an initial organization of those collected materials after realizing, in her words, that "an exhibit wasn't the best way" to document the Party's history. The process of writing Revolution Around the Corner: Voices from the Puerto Rican Socialist Party in the U.S. (Temple UP, 2020), edited by Rivera, Andrés Torres, and José E. Velázquez, affirmed in practice the necessity of assembling the PSP archive in order to document and better narrativize its history.

Documents related to PSP-Puerto Rico take the form of speeches, ideological/theoretical documents, organizational manuals, booklets of regulations, mockups of early logos, banners, stickers, and flags. Materials related to political education in the PSP-P.R. exist as handwritten notes, syllabi and curricula with marginal notes, and theoretical readings. The Comité Central produced primarily standard typewritten documents and some handwritten notes. Apart from standard-size typed documents, materials related to Congresos Nacionales (PSP-P.R.) take the form of colorful booklets, posters, and prints. The publications of the PSP-Puerto Rico––which among them include Carta Semanal, CHISPA, Tribuna Roja, Nueva Lucha, and Claridad (P.R.)––vary in form from small stapled booklets to full-sized newspapers.

Similarly, documents related to the organizational structure of PSP-U.S. take the form of ideological/theoretical documents, tabulations of membership across various nuclei, housing studies, magazines, and newspaper clippings. Items pertaining to political education of new and continuing members of the PSP-U.S. include basic documents for new members, curricula for the Escuela de Candidatos a Militantes, curricula for the Escuela de Cuadros, syllabi for the Círculos de Estudios, paperback books, and materials produced by the Secretarías de Asuntos Estudiantiles & de Educación Política. Materials related to the Comité Seccional are extensive and include reports, notes, correspondence, and pamphlets and posters from the Congresos Seccionales and Extraordinarios of the PSP-U.S. The collection contains issues of Claridad-U.S. spanning from 1973 to 2017, as well as a 2008 survey on the bilingual supplement of Claridad.

There is a considerable amount of material related to repression and surveillance of both the PSP's activities as well as those of other leftist organizations. This includes but is not limited to Andrés Torres' extensive FBI files, materials related to the Puerto Rican nationalists (led by Lolita Lebrón) who orchestrated the 1954 shooting at the U.S. Capitol, and educational booklets and posters calling for the freeing of Puerto Rican political prisoners. Other political actions organized by the PSP-U.S. include protests at the Democratic Convention (1980), the National Day of Solidarity with Puerto Rican Independence at Madison Square Garden (1974), and speeches in relation to the case of Puerto Rico before the United Nations and Congress.

The final series in the collection contains an eclectic group of items related to non-PSP leftist organizations, allies of PSP, and their publications, both in Puerto Rico and in the U.S. This takes the form of newspaper clippings, posters, pamphlets and booklets, ideological/theoretical documents, and magazines. Some of these organizations were also directly organized around the cause of Puerto Rican independence, such as El Comité (MINP - Movimiento de Izquierda Nacional Puertorriqueño), Movimiento de Liberacion Nacional Puertorriqueno (MLN), and the Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP). The items in the Records pertaining to other leftist organizations in both P.R. and the U.S. are some of the most visually compelling, as they contain a wealth of posters, art prints, banners, colorful magazines, and a folio from an art exhibition.

In terms of the types of materials that it contains, the collection is varied: it holds typewritten documents (typewriter- and computer-generated), handwritten notes, correspondence (handwritten, typewriter-, and computer-generated), posters, banners, political buttons, art prints, audiovisual material on VHS and cassette, newspapers and newspaper clippings, booklets, paperback books, and wood-mounted posters.

Biographical / historical:

The Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño (founded 1971 in Puerto Rico) grew out of the pro-independence organization, Movimiento Pro-Independencia (founded 1959). Its highest decisionmaking body was the Comité Central, within which operated Secretarías, or working committees that managed the administrative functions of the organization. Following efforts by a group of Puerto Rican activists in New York City to create connections with other politically activated Puerto Rican "nuclei" in the United States, the official political thesis of the U.S. branch of the PSP was first detailed in a 1973 document entitled "Desde las entrañas."

The Comité Seccional was the highest decisionmaking body of the U.S. branch of the PSP; the Comité Seccional was still technically a part of the Comité Central, the highest decisionmaking body of the PSP-Puerto Rico.

Both the Puerto Rican and U.S. branches of the PSP published a wide variety of newsletters, serials, newspapers, and magazines, among other even more ephemeral formats. Carta Roja served as the organizing newsletter for the U.S. branch, while a publication such as the Carta Semanal was developed out of working subcommittees. The Party's most prolific publication, Claridad, originated in Puerto Rico and was later published in the U.S. as well. It continues to be published as of May 2026, and the bilingual supplement is fully preserved in the Center for Puerto Rican Studies in New York City (the PSP records at Columbia's RBML contain a fraction of the bilingual edition of Claridad). The publication of Claridad, a primary organizing tool of the PSP, was quite labor intensive; nuclei of the Party throughout the United States would send in their respective information on a weekly basis, and the paper was printed and distributed every Friday morning across the U.S. branches.

Regarding the organization of the Puerto Rican and U.S. branches of the PSP, both the Comité Central (Puerto Rico) and the Comité Seccional were at the helm of their respective Secretariados, which were each comprised of a variety of Secretarías (for example, the Secretaría de Asuntos Estudiantiles, the Secretaría de Educación Political y Cultura, the Secretaría de Finanzas, and the Secretaría de Información y Prensa). The Party sent elected delegates to the Congresos Nacionales, which were held in Puerto Rico, and to the Congresos Seccionales, which were held in the United States. Members of the Puerto Rican branch of the party also attended the Congresos Seccionales. Congresos Extraordinarios were convened for political campaigns, in the wake of elections, or during other moments of attempting to execute strategic shifts within the Party. "La rectificación," for instance, referred to a moment at which the Party attempted to grapple with overgrowth ("gigantismo") in the organization. After the PSP was formally dissolved, there continued to be (and the Records include materials related to) efforts from former members to remain politically active, including through groups such as the Taller Socialista.

Access and use

Restrictions:

Materials located offsite.

This collection has no restrictions.

The RBML cannot provide access to original time-based media material which has not been first reformatted for preservation. Researchers are welcome to examine archival time-based media items and decide whether they wish to place an order for Audio/Video reformatting.

Terms of access:

Single reproductions may be made for research purposes. It is the responsibility of the user to secure permission for publication or use from the appropriate copyright holder.

Location of this collection:
6th Floor East Butler Library
535 West 114th Street
New York, NY 10027, USA
Before you visit:
Researchers interested in viewing materials in the RBML reading room must book an appointment at least 7 days in advance. To make the most of your visit, be sure to request your desired materials before booking your appointment, as researchers are limited to 5 items per day.
Contact:
rbml@library.columbia.edu